python测试开发项目 --- 自动化测试框架pytest中文文档

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自动化测试框架pytest教程

项目简介

这里是python测试开发的日常记录，主要涉及单元测试、安全测试、python基础、性能测试等内容。

项目地址：https://bitbucket.org/xurongzhong/small_python_daily_tools

项目介绍

从oracle迁移数据到mysql

• 代码位置： db/oracle 文件：config.py transfer_db.py

• 测试环境：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64 python2.7

• 运行依赖： python外部库cx_Oracle、mysql-connector-python

• 功能：迁移oracle数据到mysql，需要先行在mysql创建表。特别注意，有清空mysql表的动作。

python批量清空数据库

• 简介：使用python批量清空数据库，基于mysql python api和python标准库configparser，实现可配置地批量清空mysql表。

• 支持版本：python2.7/3.*

• 后期规划：通过argparse支持指定配置文件，增加delete、truncate、rename等选项。

• 代码 db/mysql del_db.py db.conf

在oracle中插入假数据

• 简介：在oracle中插入假数据

• 测试环境：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64 python2.7

• 代码 db/oracle oracle_add.py

简介

pytest是强大的python单元测试框架。由于python的胶水语言特性，实质上pytest在接口测试、自动化测试等方面也广泛使用。

• 成熟全功能的Python测试工具

  • 支持POSIX / Windows， Python的2.6-3.5， PyPy和Jython - 2.5.1(也可能支持更高版本)
  • 免费、开源，基于MIT license
  • 1000测试用例自测。
  • pytest升级时有很好的向后兼容性
  • 丰富的在线和PDF文档 comprehensive onlinePDF documentation
  • 大量的第三方插件和内置帮助builtin helpers, third party plugins
  • 在许多小型和大型项目和组织使用，many small and large projects and organisations
  • 许多测试实例，tested examples

• 灵活

  • 易学，有多种用法
  • assert语句断言
  • traceback 和失败断言报告
  • 打印调试和测试执行期间可以捕获标准输出

• 适合简单的单元测试到复杂的功能测试

  • 模块化和参数化的平台
  • 参数化的测试函数
  • 支持属性
  • Skip和xfail处理失败的用例
  • xdist插件分发测试给多个CPU
  • 不断地重新运行失败的测试
  • 灵活的Python测试发现

• 集成

  • 多范式：可以执行nose, unittest 和doctest风格的测试用例，甚至Django和trial。
  • 支持良好的集成实践
  • 支持扩展的xUnit风格setup
  • 支持非python测试
  • 支持生成测试覆盖率报告
  • 支持PEP8兼容的编码风格

• 扩展插件和定制系统：

  • 所有的收集，报告，运行方面都委派给hook函数
  • 定制可以是每个目录，每个项目或每个PyPI上发布的插件
  • 很容易添加命令行选项或定制现有的行为
  • 很容易自己写插件

    本节来源：http://pytest.org/latest/

交流：python开发自动化测试群291184506 PythonJava单元白盒单元测试群144081101 商务合作微信：pythontesting

英文原版书籍下载：https://bitbucket.org/xurongzhong/python-chinese-library/downloadss。

精品文章推荐：

python 2.7 中文教程及自动化测试介绍

使用Python学习selenium测试工具

性能测试艺术
Java单元测试之模拟利器-使用PowerMock进行Mock测试

入门基础

使用和调用

• python -m pytest调用：

  • python -m pytest [...] 效果和py.test [...] 一样

• 获取版本，选项名，环境变量

  • py.test --version 看版本
  • py.test --fixtures 查看内置函数参数
  • py.test -h | --help 命令行和配置文件帮助

• 失败后停止执行

  • 首次失败后停止执行：py.test -x
  • py.test --maxfail=2 两次失败之后停止执行

• 执行选择用例

  • py.test test_mod.py，执行模块中的用例
  • py.test somepath，执行路径中用例
  • py.test -k stringexpr，执行字符串表达式中的用例，比如"MyClass and not method""，选择TestMyClass.test_something，排除了TestMyClass.test_method_simple。
  • py.test --pyargs pkg，导入pkg，使用其文件系统位置来查找和执行用例。执行pypkg目录下的所有用例。
  • py.test test_mod.py::test_func  指定模块和函数
  • py.test test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method 指定模块和类及方法

• 调试输出：

  • py.test --showlocals 在traceback中显示本地变量
  • py.test -l 在traceback中显示本地变量（快捷方式）
  • py.test --tb=auto 默认格式，首尾为long，其他为short
  • py.test --tb=long 详细的traceback信息格式化形式
  • py.test --tb=native 标准库格式化形式
  • py.test --tb=short 更短的traceback格式
  • py.test --tb=line 每个错误一行
  • py.test --tb=no 无traceback
  • py.test --full-trace 最详细的格式

• 失败时调用PDB (Python Debugger)：

Python带有一个内置的Python调试器称为PDB。pytest可以在命令行选项指定调用：

py.test --pdb

这将每次失败时调用Python调试器。

py.test -x --pdb # 失败时调用pdb，然后退出测试。 py.test --pdb - maxfail=3＃ 前3次失败调用pdb。

异常信息保存在sys.last_value, sys.last_type和``sys.last_traceback，交互式情况可以调试：

>>> import sys
>>> sys.last_traceback.tb_lineno
42
>>> sys.last_value
AssertionError('assert result == "ok"',)

• 设置断点：

import pytest
def test_function():
    ...
    pytest.set_trace()    # invoke PDB debugger and tracing

2.0.0以前的版本中只有通过py.test-s禁用命令行捕捉才可以进入pdb调试。2.0.0及以后版本在进入pdb调试时自动禁用输出捕捉。

2.4.0 支持使用importpdb;pdb.set_trace()进入pdb。

• Profiling测试执行时间：得到最执行慢的10个测试：

py.test --durations=10

• 创建JUnitXML格式的文件

创建Jenkins或其他持续集成服务器的结果文件：

py.test --junitxml=path

• record_xml_property

2.8新增

在xml文件中记录额外信息

def test_function(record_xml_property):
    record_xml_property("example_key", 1)
    assert 0

效果如下：

<testcase classname="test_function" file="test_function.py" line="0" name="test_function" time="0.0009">
  <properties>
    <property name="example_key" value="1" />
  </properties>
</testcase>

试验功能，与pytest-xdist不兼容，还有可能破坏模式验证，与一些CI集成可能会有问题。

• 创建resultlog格式的文件

要创建纯文本的机器可读的结果文件，用于PyPy-testweb展示等。

py.test --resultlog=path

• 发送测试报告给在线pastebin服务

bpaste可以为你的文本生成url连接，下面为创建每个测试失败创建一个url：

py.test --pastebin=failed

py.test --pastebin=all py.test --pastebin=failed -x　# 只发送一次

目前只支持：http://bpaste.net

• 禁用插件

  py.test -p no:doctest

• 在python代码中调用pytest

  2.0新增　用exitcode代替了SystemExit。 pytest.main([’-x’, ’mytestdir’]) pytest.main("-x mytestdir")

  # 指定插件

  # content of myinvoke.py
  import pytest
  class MyPlugin:
      def pytest_sessionfinish(self):
          print("*** test run reporting finishing")
  
  pytest.main("-qq", plugins=[MyPlugin()])
  

执行结果：

$ python myinvoke.py
*** test run reporting finishing

好的集成实践

• 使用虚拟环境

#virtualenv . New python executable in ./bin/python Installing setuptools, pip...done. root@AutoTest:[/data/code/python/pytest]#source bin/activate (pytest)root@AutoTest:[/data/code/python/pytest]#pip install pytest Downloading/unpacking pytest Downloading pytest-2.5.2.tar.gz (608kB): 608kB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/data/code/python/pytest/build/pytest/setup.py) egg_info for package pytest

Downloading/unpacking py>=1.4.20 (from pytest) Downloading py-1.4.22.tar.gz (189kB): 189kB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/data/code/python/pytest/build/py/setup.py) egg_info for package py

Installing collected packages: pytest, py Running setup.py install for pytest

Installing py.test-2.7 script to /data/code/python/pytest/bin
Installing py.test script to /data/code/python/pytest/bin

Running setup.py install for py

Successfully installed pytest py Cleaning up...

• 测试布局和导入规则

测试布局的方法有2种。一为放置在应用代码之外，适用于有很多功能测试等情况。

setup.py # your distutils/setuptools Python package metadata mypkg/ __init__.py appmodule.py tests/ test_app.py ...

二为嵌入测试目录到应用，当(单元)测试和应用之间的有直接关系，并想一起发布时有用：

setup.py # your distutils/setuptools Python package metadata mypkg/ __init__.py appmodule.py ... test/ test_app.py

部分使用pytest的项目

参见：Project examples

使用与实例

http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=pytest 上有很多例子。

断言

简单断言

# content of test_assert1.py
def f():
    return 3

def test_function():
    assert f() == 4

执行结果：

$ py.test test_assert1.py
=================================================================================== test session starts ====================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1+, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /home/andrew/tmp, inifile: 
plugins: xdist-1.14
collected 1 items 

test_assert1.py F

========================================================================================= FAILURES =========================================================================================
______________________________________________________________________________________ test_function _______________________________________________________________________________________

    def test_function():
>       assert f() == 4
E       assert 3 == 4
E        +  where 3 = f()

test_assert1.py:6: AssertionError
================================================================================= 1 failed in 0.00 seconds =================================================================================
$

• 异常断言

import pytest

def test_zero_division():
    with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
        1 / 0

获取异常信息：

def test_recursion_depth():
    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
        def f():
            f()
        f()
    assert 'maximum recursion' in str(excinfo.value)

xfail中也可以指定异常类型：

import pytest

@pytest.mark.xfail(raises=NameError)
def test_f():
    f()

pytest.raises适用于故意产生异常，@pytest.mark.xfail适用于处理bug。

上下文比较

# content of test_assert2.py def test_set_comparison(): set1 = set("1308") set2 = set("8035") assert set1 == set2

执行结果：

# py.test test_assert2.py ================================================================================================= test session starts ========================================================================= platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.5 -- py-1.4.23 -- pytest-2.6.1 collected 1 items

test_assert2.py F

============================================================================== FAILURES ============================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________ test_set_comparison _________________________________________________________________________

def test\_set\_comparison():
    set1 = set("1308")
    set2 = set("8035")

> assert set1 == set2 E assert set(['0', '1', '3', '8']) == set(['0', '3', '5', '8']) E Extra items in the left set: E '1' E Extra items in the right set: E '5'

test_assert2.py:5: AssertionError ====================================================================== 1 failed in 0.01 seconds ======================================================================

自定义断言比较

conftest.py

# content of conftest.py from test_foocompare import Foo def pytest_assertrepr_compare(op, left, right): if isinstance(left, Foo) and isinstance(right, Foo) and op == "==": return ['Comparing Foo instances:', 'vals: %s != %s' % (left.val, right.val)]

test_foocompare.py

# content of test_foocompare.py class Foo: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val

def test_compare(): f1 = Foo(1) f2 = Foo(2) assert f1 == f2

执行结果：

# py.test -q test_foocompare.py F ================================================================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================================================================= ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ test_compare _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

def test_compare():
    f1 = Foo(1)
    f2 = Foo(2)

> assert f1 == f2 E assert Comparing Foo instances: E vals: 1 != 2

test_foocompare.py:9: AssertionError 1 failed in 0.01 seconds

高级內省断言 ¶

暂略，后面补上

failure_demo.py 结合断言的使用，展示了多种错误报告：

https://github.com/alfredodeza/pytest/blob/master/doc/en/example/assertion/failure_demo.py

from py.test import raises
import py

def otherfunc(a,b):
    assert a==b

def somefunc(x,y):
    otherfunc(x,y)

def otherfunc_multi(a,b):
    assert (a ==
            b)

def test_generative(param1, param2):
    assert param1 * 2 < param2

def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
    if 'param1' in metafunc.fixturenames:
        metafunc.addcall(funcargs=dict(param1=3, param2=6))

class TestFailing(object):
    def test_simple(self):
        def f():
            return 42
        def g():
            return 43

        assert f() == g()

    def test_simple_multiline(self):
        otherfunc_multi(
                  42,
                  6*9)

    def test_not(self):
        def f():
            return 42
        assert not f()

class TestSpecialisedExplanations(object):
    def test_eq_text(self):
        assert 'spam' == 'eggs'

    def test_eq_similar_text(self):
        assert 'foo 1 bar' == 'foo 2 bar'

    def test_eq_multiline_text(self):
        assert 'foo\nspam\nbar' == 'foo\neggs\nbar'

    def test_eq_long_text(self):
        a = '1'*100 + 'a' + '2'*100
        b = '1'*100 + 'b' + '2'*100
        assert a == b

    def test_eq_long_text_multiline(self):
        a = '1\n'*100 + 'a' + '2\n'*100
        b = '1\n'*100 + 'b' + '2\n'*100
        assert a == b

    def test_eq_list(self):
        assert [0, 1, 2] == [0, 1, 3]

    def test_eq_list_long(self):
        a = [0]*100 + [1] + [3]*100
        b = [0]*100 + [2] + [3]*100
        assert a == b

    def test_eq_dict(self):
        assert {'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 0} == {'a': 0, 'b': 2, 'd': 0}

    def test_eq_set(self):
        assert set([0, 10, 11, 12]) == set([0, 20, 21])

    def test_eq_longer_list(self):
        assert [1,2] == [1,2,3]

    def test_in_list(self):
        assert 1 in [0, 2, 3, 4, 5]

    def test_not_in_text_multiline(self):
        text = 'some multiline\ntext\nwhich\nincludes foo\nand a\ntail'
        assert 'foo' not in text

    def test_not_in_text_single(self):
        text = 'single foo line'
        assert 'foo' not in text

    def test_not_in_text_single_long(self):
        text = 'head ' * 50 + 'foo ' + 'tail ' * 20
        assert 'foo' not in text

    def test_not_in_text_single_long_term(self):
        text = 'head ' * 50 + 'f'*70 + 'tail ' * 20
        assert 'f'*70 not in text


def test_attribute():
    class Foo(object):
        b = 1
    i = Foo()
    assert i.b == 2


def test_attribute_instance():
    class Foo(object):
        b = 1
    assert Foo().b == 2


def test_attribute_failure():
    class Foo(object):
        def _get_b(self):
            raise Exception('Failed to get attrib')
        b = property(_get_b)
    i = Foo()
    assert i.b == 2


def test_attribute_multiple():
    class Foo(object):
        b = 1
    class Bar(object):
        b = 2
    assert Foo().b == Bar().b


def globf(x):
    return x+1

class TestRaises:
    def test_raises(self):
        s = 'qwe'
        raises(TypeError, "int(s)")

    def test_raises_doesnt(self):
        raises(IOError, "int('3')")

    def test_raise(self):
        raise ValueError("demo error")

    def test_tupleerror(self):
        a,b = [1]

    def test_reinterpret_fails_with_print_for_the_fun_of_it(self):
        l = [1,2,3]
        print ("l is %r" % l)
        a,b = l.pop()

    def test_some_error(self):
        if namenotexi:
            pass

    def func1(self):
        assert 41 == 42


# thanks to Matthew Scott for this test
def test_dynamic_compile_shows_nicely():
    src = 'def foo():\n assert 1 == 0\n'
    name = 'abc-123'
    module = py.std.imp.new_module(name)
    code = py.code.compile(src, name, 'exec')
    py.builtin.exec_(code, module.__dict__)
    py.std.sys.modules[name] = module
    module.foo()



class TestMoreErrors:
    def test_complex_error(self):
        def f():
            return 44
        def g():
            return 43
        somefunc(f(), g())

    def test_z1_unpack_error(self):
        l = []
        a,b  = l

    def test_z2_type_error(self):
        l = 3
        a,b  = l

    def test_startswith(self):
        s = "123"
        g = "456"
        assert s.startswith(g)

    def test_startswith_nested(self):
        def f():
            return "123"
        def g():
            return "456"
        assert f().startswith(g())

    def test_global_func(self):
        assert isinstance(globf(42), float)

    def test_instance(self):
        self.x = 6*7
        assert self.x != 42

    def test_compare(self):
        assert globf(10) < 5

    def test_try_finally(self):
        x = 1
        try:
            assert x == 0
        finally:
            x = 0

执行：

$ py.test test_failures.py 
=================================================================================== test session starts ====================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /iscsi_data1/data/code/python/pytest/doc/en, inifile: pytest.ini
collected 1 items 

test_failures.py .

================================================================================= 1 passed in 0.56 seconds =================================================================================
[root@public01 assertion]# py.test failure_demo.py 
=================================================================================== test session starts ====================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /iscsi_data1/data/code/python/pytest/doc/en, inifile: pytest.ini
collected 39 items 

failure_demo.py FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

========================================================================================= FAILURES =========================================================================================
____________________________________________________________________________________ test_generative[0] ____________________________________________________________________________________

param1 = 3, param2 = 6

    def test_generative(param1, param2):
>       assert param1 * 2 < param2
E       assert (3 * 2) < 6

failure_demo.py:15: AssertionError

余下部分不做介绍，请以实际执行结果为准。

基本模式和实例

命令行传参数

下面函数中的cmdopt，需要从命令行读取：

# content of test_sample.py
def test_answer(cmdopt):
    if cmdopt == "type1":
        print ("first")
    elif cmdopt == "type2":
        print ("second")
    assert 0 # to see what was printed

设置_conftest.py_

# content of conftest.py
import pytest

def pytest_addoption(parser):
    parser.addoption("--cmdopt", action="store", default="type1",
        help="my option: type1 or type2")

@pytest.fixture
def cmdopt(request):
    return request.config.getoption("--cmdopt")

执行：

$ py.test -q --cmdopt=type2
F
========================================================================================= FAILURES =========================================================================================
_______________________________________________________________________________________ test_answer ________________________________________________________________________________________

cmdopt = 'type2'

    def test_answer(cmdopt):
        if cmdopt == "type1":
            print ("first")
        elif cmdopt == "type2":
            print ("second")
>       assert 0 # to see what was printed
E       assert 0

test_sample.py:7: AssertionError
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
second
1 failed in 0.00 seconds

动态参数

# content of conftest.py
import sys
def pytest_cmdline_preparse(args):
    if 'xdist' in sys.modules: # pytest-xdist plugin
        import multiprocessing
        num = max(multiprocessing.cpu_count() / 2, 1)
        args[:] = ["-n", str(num)] + args

命令行忽略测试

下面用例，如果打了slow标签，则会需要添加选项--runslow才能执行。

配置

# content of conftest.py

import pytest
def pytest_addoption(parser):
    parser.addoption("--runslow", action="store_true",
        help="run slow tests")

用例：

# content of test_module.py

import pytest


slow = pytest.mark.skipif(
    not pytest.config.getoption("--runslow"),
    reason="need --runslow option to run"
)


def test_func_fast():
    pass


@slow
def test_func_slow():
    pass

默认执行：

$ py.test -rs
=================================================================================== test session starts ====================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1+, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /home/andrew/tmp, inifile: 
plugins: xdist-1.14
collected 2 items 

test_module.py .s
================================================================================= short test summary info ==================================================================================
SKIP [1] test_module.py:15: need --runslow option to run

=========================================================================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.01 seconds ============================================================================
$

指定标签执行

$ py.test --runslow
=================================================================================== test session starts ====================================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1+, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /home/andrew/tmp, inifile: 
plugins: xdist-1.14
collected 2 items 

test_module.py ..

================================================================================= 2 passed in 0.01 seconds =================================================================================
$ 

标签

Fixture

python中经典的xunit风格的setup是2005年首先出现在pytest，后面被nose和unittest采用。建议优先使用fixture，因为它有依赖注入，更强大。

• 模块级别

def setup_module(module):
    """ setup any state specific to the execution of the given module."""

def teardown_module(module):
    """ teardown any state that was previously setup with a setup_module
    method.
    """

• 类级别

​

@classmethod
def setup_class(cls):
    """ setup any state specific to the execution of the given class (which
    usually contains tests).
    """

@classmethod
def teardown_class(cls):
    """ teardown any state that was previously setup with a call to
    setup_class.
    """

​

• 方法和函数级别

​

@classmethod
def setup_class(cls):
    """ setup any state specific to the execution of the given class (which
    usually contains tests).
    """

@classmethod
def teardown_class(cls):
    """ teardown any state that was previously setup with a call to
    setup_class.
    """

​ ​

def setup_function(function):
    """ setup any state tied to the execution of the given function.
    Invoked for every test function in the module.
    """

def teardown_function(function):
    """ teardown any state that was previously setup with a setup_function
    call.
    """

​

临时目录和文件

tmpdir fixture

tmpdir是py.path.local对象，提供了os.path等的方法。

test_tmpdir.py

# content of test_tmpdir.py
import os
def test_create_file(tmpdir):
    p = tmpdir.mkdir("sub").join("hello.txt")
    p.write("content")
    assert p.read() == "content"
    assert len(tmpdir.listdir()) == 1
    assert 0

执行结果：

$ py.test test_tmpdir.py
======================================================================= test session starts =======================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1+, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /home/andrew/tmp/py_test, inifile: 
collected 1 items 

test_tmpdir.py F

============================================================================ FAILURES =============================================================================
________________________________________________________________________ test_create_file _________________________________________________________________________

tmpdir = local('/tmp/pytest-of-andrew/pytest-0/test_create_file0')

    def test_create_file(tmpdir):
        p = tmpdir.mkdir("sub").join("hello.txt")
        p.write("content")
        assert p.read() == "content"
        assert len(tmpdir.listdir()) == 1
>       assert 0
E       assert 0

test_tmpdir.py:8: AssertionError
==================================================================== 1 failed in 0.06 seconds =====================================================================
$ 

生成的目录一般在系统临时目录下面，格式为pytest-NUM，比如/tmp/pytest-of-andrew/pytest-0/test_create_file0，每次测试执行时NUM会增加，3个以前的目录会清除。如下方式会指定为其他目录：py.test --basetemp=mydir。

tmpdir_factory fixture

2.8新增

tmpdir_factory基于session，可创建任意临时目录。

例如，假设test suite需要大文件：

# contents of conftest.py
import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def image_file(tmpdir_factory):
    img = compute_expensive_image()
    fn = tmpdir_factory.mktemp('data').join('img.png')
    img.save(str(fn))
    return fn

# contents of test_image.py
def test_histogram(image_file):
    img = load_image(image_file)
    # compute and test histogram

相关方法：

TempdirFactory.``mktemp(basename, numbered=True)[source]

TempdirFactory.``getbasetemp()[source]

捕捉输出

默认stdout/stderr/stdin捕捉行为

默认捕捉stdout/stderr，如果test或者setup方法失败，traceback会打印相关内容。

stdin为null，读取会报错，因为自动化测试鲜有交互式输入。

默认捕捉为写入到底层文件，可以捕捉print语言输出到test中的subprocess输出。

设置捕捉

默认捕捉方式为file descriptor (FD)级捕捉。捕捉所有到操作系统的1,2输出。

syslevel级捕捉只捕捉python的sys.stdout和sys.stderr。

py.test -s            # disable all capturing
py.test --capture=sys # replace sys.stdout/stderr with in-mem files
py.test --capture=fd  # also point filedescriptors 1 and 2 to temp file

使用print进行调试　

默认捕捉stdout/stderr：

# content of test_module.py

def setup_function(function):
    print ("setting up %s" % function)

def test_func1():
    assert True

def test_func2():
    assert False

执行结果：

$ py.test test_module.py 
======================================================================= test session starts =======================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.5.1+, pytest-2.9.2, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.3.1
rootdir: /home/andrew/tmp/py_test, inifile: 
collected 2 items 

test_module.py .F

============================================================================ FAILURES =============================================================================
___________________________________________________________________________ test_func2 ____________________________________________________________________________

    def test_func2():
>       assert False
E       assert False

test_module.py:10: AssertionError
---------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup ----------------------------------------------------------------------
setting up <function test_func2 at 0x7fdc31ed6048>
=============================================================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.11 seconds ================================================================
$ 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/1433482/blog/700574