Struts2 Action的单元测试-CSDN博客

对Struts2进行单元测试，以struts 2.2.1.1为例，可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase，分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。下面分别说明。

　　1.StrutsTestCase

　　首先准备一个纯struts2工程，建立工程过程略，但有如下的类：

　　Account.java,是bean

package model;

public class Account {
private String userName;
private String password;

public Account() {
}

    public Account(String userName, String password) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

　　AccountAction.java

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import model.Account;

import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{

    private Account accountBean;
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public void validate(){
        if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){
            addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required.");
        }

        if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){
            addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long.");
        }

        if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){
            addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long.");
        }
    }

    public Account getAccountBean() {
        return accountBean;
    }

    public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) {
        this.accountBean = accountBean;
    }
}

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　　测试类：

　　TestAccountAction.java

package ut;

import action.AccountAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;

import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;

public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase {
private AccountAction action;
private ActionProxy proxy;

    private void init() {
        proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url，可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写
        action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction();
    }

    public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception {
        request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc");
        request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");

init();
proxy.execute();

        assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present",
                action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1);
        assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been",
                action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName"));
    }

    public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{
        request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce");
        request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");

init();
String result=proxy.execute();

assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present",
action.getFieldErrors().size()==0);

assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.",
"success", result);

}
}

　　测试逻辑比较简单，action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5－－9之间。

　　定义struts.xml，放在类路径的根目录下，而非web-inf/classes下，否则会找不到，不会加载你定义的内容。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd>
<struts>
    <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
            <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

　　至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面，不必真实存在，保持不为空就行，否则，action测试的时候，会说result未定义之类的错误，因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行，一切OK。

　　正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行，所以拦截器也会正常被触发，下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下：

　　MyInterceptor.java

package interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;

public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("before processing");
       String rst= actionInvocation.invoke();
        System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod());
        return rst;
    }
}

　修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义：

<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
</interceptors>
<action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
<result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
</action>
</package>

　　运行，控制台会输出：

　　before processing

　　bye bye execute

　　都是struts发行包提供的，其它不相关的jar不要加，尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件，更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，加了会加载相关的东西，但这里却提供不了，导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的，但加了也无所谓，在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外，web.xml不需要配置，根本不会去这里找配置信息。

　　2.StrutsSpringTestCase

　　这个和前面的过程类似，需要的类分别如下。

　　MathAction.java

package action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import service.MathService;

public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{
private MathService service;

    public String execute() throws Exception {
        ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2));
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public MathService getService() {
        return service;
    }

    public void setService(MathService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
}

　　MathService.java

package service;

public class MathService {
    public int add(int a,int b){
        return a+b;
    }
}

　　测试类TestMathAction，测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。

import action.MathAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase;

public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{
private MathAction action;
private ActionProxy proxy;

    protected String getContextLocations() {
        return "spring/applicationContext.xml";
    }

    private void init(){
        proxy=getActionProxy("/add");
        action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction();
    }
    public void testAdd() throws Exception{
        init();
        proxy.execute();
        assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3);
    }
}

　　这里有一个小trick，默认情况下，applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下，但如果项目需要不放在那里，就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path，开头可以有也可以没有“/”，这里我放在包spring下，所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml，至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了，想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上，加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了，对了，两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar，去tomcat里copy一份即可，junit.jar也是需要的（废话？！）

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