linux命令：编译安装httpd、mysql、php等LAMP环境xcache缓存PHP

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-16 10:06:33 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-10-16 10:06:33 发布

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文章标签：运维 php 开发工具

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/woyaoxuelinux/1898731

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MySQL服务器维护了两类变量：

服务器变量：

定义MySQL服务器运行特性

SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES [LIKE 'STRING'];

状态变量：

保存了MySQL服务器运行统计数据

SHOW GLOBAL STATUS [LIKE 'STRING']

MySQL通配符：

_: 匹配任意单个字符

%：匹配任意长度的任意字符

Httpd 2.4新特性：

1、MPM可于运行时装载： --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event 编译安装是指定MPM运行模块为event

2、Event MPM 支持event新的多路处理模块

3、异步读写

4、在每模块及每目录上指定日志级别

5、每请求配置: <If>,<ElseIf>,<Else>;

6、增强的表达式分析器；

7、毫秒级的Keepalive Timeout;

8、基于域名的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令；

9、降低了内存占用；

10、支持在配置文件中使用自定义变量；

11、对于基于IP的访问控制不再支持order all,deny allow from all

而是支持Require user

Usage:

Require user USERNAME

Require group GRPNAME

Require ip IPADDR 允许该IP地址访问

Require not ip IPADDR 拒绝该IP地址访问

NETWORK/NETMASK

NETWORK/LENGTH

NET

172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0=172.16.0.0/16=172.16

Require host HOSTNAME

HOSTNAME : www.linux.com

DOMAIN : .linux.com

允许所有主机访问：

Require all granted

拒绝所有主机访问：

Require all deny

--enable-modules=most

新增的模块：

mod_proxy(之前版本也有)

mod_proxy_fcgi

mod_proxy_scgi

mod_proxy_express

mod_remoteip

mod_sesslon

mod_ratelimit

mod_request

等等

通过编译安装LAMP环境：

安装顺序：httpd --> mysql --> php --> xcache(php缓存程序)

Linux，Apache，Mysql，Php

以下演示安装httpd:2.4.4 php:5.4.13 Mysql：5.5(通用二进制格式，解压后即可使用)

1、安装httpd 2.4.4需安装高版本的apr1.4以上的版本 apr-util1.4版本以上

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@lamp ~]# rpm -q apr

apr-1.3.9-3.el6.x86_64

[root@lamp ~]# rpm -q apr-util

apr-util-1.3.9-3.el6.x86_64

*所以需要下载更高版本的arp和apr-util,但是原来的安装程序不能卸载，因为他们被其他程序依赖

需通过编译安装在其他目录下即可。

把apr和apr-util安装在/usr/local目录下，这个目录为第三方软件安装目录：

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 install.log

apr-1.4.6.tar.gz httpd-2.4.4.tar.gz install.log.syslog

安装顺序：apr-1.4.6 --> apr-util-1.4.1 --> httpd-2.4.4

[root@lamp ~]# tar -zxf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2

[root@lamp ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.4.1 install.log apr-1.4.6

apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 apr-1.4.6.tar.gz httpd-2.4.4.tar.gz httpd-2.4.4

安装前需确认开发环境组是否安装：Development Tools（开发工具）和Development Libraries（开发库）

[root@lamp ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Group Process

[root@lamp ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Libraries"

[root@lamp ~]# cd apr-1.4.6

[root@lamp apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr #编译安装前，

--prefix指定编译安装路径

[root@lamp apr-1.4.6]# make

[root@lamp apr-1.4.6]# make install #至此编译安装apr完成（删除编译安装的软件，只需要把安装目录删除即可）

[root@lamp apr-1.4.6]# cd ~/apr-util-1.4.1

[root@lamp apr-util-1.4.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr #编译安装apr-util需通过--prefix指定安装目录，以及--with-apr指定apr的安装路径。（必须2者都指定）至此apr-util-1.4.1安装成功

[root@lamp apr-util-1.4.1]# cd ~/httpd-2.4.4

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-cgid --enable-modules=most --enable-mods-shared=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util #编译安装httpd需指定安装目录--prefix,主配置文件目录--sysconfdir

还需开通很多功能，--enable-so等功能，且必须指定apr和apr-util编译安装的位置。

checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E

checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99

checking for pcre-config... false

configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/ #这里报错提示pcre-config没有安装，需安装pcre-devel

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# yum install pcre-devel #安装pcre-devel

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Server | 3.7 kB 00:00

...

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:7.8-3.1.el6 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

......

Running Transaction

Installing : pcre-devel-7.8-3.1.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

pcre-devel.x86_64 0:7.8-3.1.el6

Complete!

.......

checking for OpenSSL... checking for user-provided OpenSSL base directory... none

checking for OpenSSL version >= 0.9.7... FAILED #提示openssl version 错误，解决方法

安装openssl-devel

configure: WARNING: OpenSSL version is too old

checking whether to enable mod_ssl... configure: error: mod_ssl has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# yum install openssl-devel #安装openssl-devel

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64

..........

Installed:

openssl-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.0-4.el6

Dependency Installed:

keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.4-1.el6 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.8.2-3.el6 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.41.12-3.el6 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.94-2.el6 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.41-3.el6 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.3-25.el6

Complete!

.........

config.status: creating build/rules.mk

config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo

config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh

config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h

config.status: executing default commands #直到编译安装不再出现报错可以继续执行make

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# make #一般./configure 编译报错都解决后，make和make一般都会成功

直接执行make和make install就可以了

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# make install

......

Installing man pages and online manual

mkdir /usr/local/apache/man

mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man1

mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man8

mkdir /usr/local/apache/manual

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/httpd-2.4.4' #至此httpd编译安装完成

启动httpd前需把selinux关闭，否则无法启动：

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# getenforce #查看selinux当前状态

Enforcing

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# setenforce 0 #临时关闭selinux，重启失效。

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# vim /etc/selinux/config #编辑selinux配置文档，使设置永久有效

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=permissive #这项改成permissive或者disabled（建议改成permissive）

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# getenforce

Permissive #状态变为permissive

[root@lamp httpd-2.4.4]# cd /usr/local/apache

[root@lamp apache]# ls

bin build cgi-bin error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules

[root@lamp apache]# bin/apachectl start #测试启动apache服务

[root@lamp apache]# netstat -tlnp #查看监听的端口号

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1325/rpcbind

tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1809/dnsmasq

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1572/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1325/rpcbind

tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 14642/httpd

至此httpd服务就启动了，通过客户端访问ip即可

修改httpd.conf配置文档使得httpd.pid（httpd进程启动生成的文档，服务关闭后文档消失）文档生成路径修改为/var/run/httpd.pid，

[root@lamp apache]# bin/apachectl stop #停止httpd服务

[root@lamp apache]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf #配置文件路径为编译安装httpd的时候设置的路径

..........

# least PidFile.

ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"

PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid" #新增该行内容（必须先停止httpd服务）

.........

***为了使得httpd可以通过service httpd stop|start|restart管理方式，需在/etc/init.d/新建一个脚本httpd启动脚本,脚本内容如下：

[root@lamp apache]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd

#!/bin/bash

# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to server

# HTML files and CGI.

# processname: httpd

# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.

HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if

# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.

INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server

# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not

# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.

apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0

start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}

return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >& /dev/null; then

RETVAL=$?

echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"

failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"

else

kellproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

status)

status -p ${pidfile} $httpd

RETVAL=$?

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

condrestart)

if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then

stop

start

;;

reload)

reload

;;

graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)

$apachectl $@

RETVAL=$?

;;

echo $"Usage: $prog{start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help| configtest}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

[root@lamp apache]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd #赋予执行权限

[root@lamp apache]# service httpd restart #通过启用服务方式成功重新启动httpd服务

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@lamp apache]# chkconfig --add httpd #把httpd服务添加到开机启动列表中

[root@lamp apache]# chkconfig --list #查看开机启动列表

NetworkManager 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

ebtables 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭

firstboot 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭

gfs2 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭

haldaemon 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

httpd 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭 #默认开机不启动

ip6tables 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

[root@lamp apache]# chkconfig httpd on #设定httpd服务在级别2345默认开机启动（或者指定chkconfig --level 35 httpd on设定服务在级别35开机启动）

[root@lamp apache]# chkconfig --list #查看开机启动列表

NetworkManager 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

ebtables 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭

firstboot 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭

gfs2 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:关闭4:关闭5:关闭6:关闭

haldaemon 0:关闭1:关闭2:关闭3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

httpd 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭 #默认开机启动

ip6tables 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

[root@lamp apache]# cd

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh #把/usr/local/httpd/bin执行脚本命令路径放置在PATH变量中，使得该路径中的命令可以直接执行。

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin #增加该行内容

然后重新登录下系统，/usr/local/apache/bin中的命令都可以直接执行，而不用加路径

[root@lamp ~]# httpd -t #检查httpd配置文件是否有语法错误

Syntax OK

[root@lamp ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/lib64/qt3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/root/bin #已经把/usr/local/apache/bin目录加到了PATH变量中

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf #修改主配置文档中下面2行内容

[root@lamp ~]# httpd -t

Syntax OK

[root@lamp ~]# service httpd restart

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@lamp ~]# httpd -M #查看当前启用的模块

Loaded Modules:

.......

headers_module (shared)

setenvif_module (shared)

version_module (shared)

mpm_prefork_module (shared) #默认模块已经修改为prefork模块了（以后需要切换其他模块只需要修改主配置文档中上一步骤的内容即可）

unixd_module (shared)

status_module (shared)

........
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2、开始安装mysql5.5.54版本

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 install.log.syslog httpd-2.4.4 mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# tar xf mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local #-C 指定解压目录

[root@lamp ~]# cd /usr/local

[root@lamp local]# ls

apache apr-util etc include lost+found mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64

[root@lamp local]# ln -sv mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql #创建软链接mysql

"mysql" -> "mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64"

[root@lamp local]# ls

apache apr-util etc include lib64 mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64

apr bin games lib libexec mysql

[root@lamp local]# cd mysql

[root@lamp mysql]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql #-r指创建系统组，-g指定组ID

[root@lamp mysql]# useradd -r -g 306 -u 306 mysql #-r创建系统用户（不能登录系统的用户）

-u指定UID

[root@lamp mysql]# id mysql #查看用户信息，UID GID

uid=306(mysql) gid=306(mysql) 组=306(mysql)

[root@lamp mysql]# ls /home

donggen

[root@lamp mysql]# ll

总用量 72

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 bin

-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 17987 11月 28 20:32 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 data

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 docs

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 include

-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 301 11月 28 20:32 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 2月 17 09:34 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 2496 11月 28 20:32 README

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 share

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 17 09:33 support-files

[root@lamp mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/* #-R递归把mysql目录下的所有文档或目录都修改为mysql用户和mysql组

[root@lamp mysql]# ll

总用量 72

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 bin

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 17987 11月 28 20:32 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 data

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 docs

drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 include

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 301 11月 28 20:32 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:34 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2496 11月 28 20:32 README

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 27 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 share

drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 support-files

[root@lamp mysql]#

** 由于mysql数据库随着时间的增长，数据会越来越大，所以应该把数据库数据放置在一个单独的可扩展的分区卷上，以便后期管理和备份，挂载在逻辑卷是比较好的方法如下：

[root@lamp ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #新建分区

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xef7e9b34.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xef7e9b34

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G

Command (m for help): T

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xef7e9b34

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@lamp ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb #通知内核重读sdb分区

[root@lamp ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 #先把/dev/sdb1分区建立一个pv物理卷

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

[root@lamp ~]# pvs #查看物理卷

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sdb1 lvm2 a- 10.00g 10.00g

[root@lamp ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb1 #以/dev/sdb1分区创建myvg卷组

Volume group "myvg" successfully created

[root@lamp ~]# vgs #查看卷组

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

myvg 1 0 0 wz--n- 10.00g 10.00g

[root@lamp ~]# lvcreate -n mydata -L 5G myvg #在卷组myvg中建立一个大小为5G，

名称为mydata 的逻辑卷

Logical volume "mydata" created

[root@lamp ~]# lvs #查看逻辑卷

LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert

mydata myvg -wi-a- 5.00g

[root@lamp ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/myvg/mydata #格式化mydata逻辑卷

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks

65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280

40 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

正在写入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

[root@lamp ~]# mkdir /mydata #建立一个目录作为挂载点

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/fstab #设定逻辑卷开机自动挂载

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Tue Feb 14 01:11:01 2017

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

/dev/myvg/mydata /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0 #新增该行内容

[root@lamp ~]# mount -a #重读/etc/fstab硬盘挂载文件，使得新增的分区挂载成功

[root@lamp ~]# mount #查看已经挂载的分区

/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sda3 on /usr/local type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sda6 on /var type ext4 (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/mapper/myvg-mydata on /mydata type ext4 (rw) #逻辑卷mydata已经挂载到/mydata目录

[root@lamp ~]# mkdir /mydata/data

[root@lamp ~]# ll /mydata

总用量 20

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 17 17:30 data

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 2月 17 15:11 lost+found

[root@lamp ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/ #更改文件夹属主和属组-R递归

[root@lamp ~]# ll /mydata

总用量 20

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 17:30 data

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 2月 17 15:11 lost+found

[root@lamp ~]# chmod o-rx /mydata/data/ #删除/data组其他人的读和执行权限

[root@lamp ~]# ll /mydata

总用量 20

drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 17:30 data

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 2月 17 15:11 lost+found

[root@lamp ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@lamp mysql]# pwd

/usr/local/mysql

[root@lamp mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/ #初始化mysql,以mysql用户，且数据目录需修改为/mydata/data目录

Installing MySQL system tables...

.........

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h lamp.com password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

./bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test

databases and anonymous user created by default. This is

strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:

cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd ./mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ #初始化完成

[root@lamp mysql]# ll #由于mysql目录内的文件和目录都为mysql属主，很容易被破解，所以把 mysql目录内的文件和目录属主修改为root

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 bin

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 17987 11月 28 20:32 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 data

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 docs

drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 include

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 301 11月 28 20:32 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:34 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2496 11月 28 20:32 README

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 27 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 share

drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 support-files

[root@lamp mysql]# chown -R root ./* #-R递归更改当前目录中所有文件和目录的属主为root

[root@lamp mysql]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 bin

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 17987 11月 28 20:32 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 data #由于data数据文件夹已经修改为/mydata/data目录，所以此处不需要把属主修改为mysql，否则如果没有修改data路径需修改为mysql

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 docs

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 include

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 301 11月 28 20:32 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:34 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 2496 11月 28 20:32 README

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 27 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 share

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 2月 17 09:33 support-files

[root@lamp mysql]# ls support-files/

binary-configure magic my-medium.cnf mysql.server(mysql的服务启动脚本)

config.medium.ini my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysqld_multi.server

[root@lamp mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #把启动脚本复制到 linux系统默认服务启动的init.d目录中，并修改名称为mysqld

[root@lamp mysql]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld #查看mysqld是否有执行的权限

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10875 2月 18 09:21 /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@lamp mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld #把mysqld进程添加到开机启动列表

[root@lamp mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld #查看开机启动列表中mysqld是否设置为开机启动

mysqld 0:关闭1:关闭2:启用3:启用4:启用5:启用6:关闭

至此mysql启动进程，数据文件夹等都设置完成，接下来配置mysql的配置文档相关内容：

MYsql配置文件路径：/etc/my.cnf

[root@lamp mysql]# ll support-files/

总用量 96

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root mysql 1153 11月 29 00:10 binary-configure

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 4691 11月 29 00:10 my-huge.cnf #配置文件

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 19759 11月 29 00:10 my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf #配置文件

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 4665 11月 29 00:10 my-large.cnf #配置文件

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 4676 11月 29 00:10 my-medium.cnf #配置文件

-rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 2840 11月 29 00:10 my-small.cnf #配置文件

..........

以上5个都是配置文档模板，具体使用哪个作为自己mysql为配置文件，需根据自己的内存大小定义：

内存小于64M选择small.cnf 内存128M选择medium.cnf 内存为512M选择large.cnf 内存1-2G选择

huge.cnf作为配置文件。

[root@lamp mysql]# free -m #查看内存大小，内存大小为2G，所以选择

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 2007 239 1767 0 16 71

-/+ buffers/cache: 151 1855

Swap: 1499 0 1499

[root@lamp mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

[root@lamp mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf #修改配置文件，红色部分为修改过的

...........

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 384M

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_open_cache = 512

sort_buffer_size = 2M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size = 32M

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency

thread_concurrency = 4 #修改为4，数值为CPU的个数*2

datadir = /mydata/data #新增该行，指定数据目录为/mydata/data

至此就可以启动mysql服务了

[root@lamp mysql]# service mysqld start #启动mysqld服务

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

[root@lamp mysql]# service mysqld restart #重启mysqld服务

Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

[root@lamp mysql]# netstat -tlnp |grep mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6954/mysqld #已启动

[root@lamp mysql]# mysql #启用mysql客户端，无法启动，提示命令没发现（默认PATH变量没mysql 所在路径）

-bash: mysql: command not found

[root@lamp mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #新建mysql.sh把mysql的启动命令路径加到 PATH变量中

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin #新增该行内容

重新登录系统后再测试mysql命令，如下：

[root@lamp ~]# msyql #成功登录到mysql客户端

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.54-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

至此mysql已经配置完成，为了使得可以通过man命令查看mysql需修改/etc/man.conf配置文档

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/man.config

....

MANPATH /usr/man

MANPATH /usr/share/man

MANPATH /usr/local/man

MANPATH /usr/local/share/man

MANPATH /usr/X11R6/man

MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man #新增该行，使得帮助文档能通过man找到

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf #新建mysql库路径文件，使得系统能够识别到

/usr/local/mysql/lib #新增该行内容

[root@lamp ~]# ldconfig -v #通知系统重新读取库文件，-v显示重读过程

............

libxklavier.so.15 -> libxklavier.so.15.0.0

liblcms.so.1 -> liblcms.so.1.0.19

/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)

/usr/lib64/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)

/usr/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)

[root@lamp ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql #创建mysql的头文件目录链接，使得可以直接输出头文件

"/usr/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include"

[root@lamp ~]# ls /usr/include/mysql/

decimal.h my_attribute.h my_global.h mysqld_ername.h my_sys.h

my_alloc.h my_getopt.h mysql_com.h mysql_version.h sql_common.h

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

至此MySQL已经安装配置完成。

3、编译安装PHP

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> get php-5.4.23.tar.bz2

12251671 bytes transferred in 1 second (11.10M/s)

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> bye #从ftp服务器上下载php或者从文章最后地址下载

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 install.log.syslog

apr-1.4.6.tar.gz httpd-2.4.4.tar.gz php-5.4.23.tar.bz2

[root@lamp ~]# tar xf php-5.4.23.tar.bz2

[root@lamp ~]# cd php-5.4.23

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# ls

........

buildconf.bat makedist README.MAILINGLIST_RULES

CODING_STANDARDS Makefile.frag README.namespaces

header php.ini-development README.UNIX-BUILD-SYSTEM

.......

这里为了演示event模块，所以这里需修改httpd的配置文档把模块修改为event模块。

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

.......

#LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so #注释掉该行

LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so #增加该行内容使用event模块

........
[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# httpd -M #查看httpd目前启用的模块类型有哪些

...........

env_module (shared)

headers_module (shared)

setenvif_module (shared)

version_module (shared)

mpm_event_module (shared) #已经修改为event模块类型了

...............

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

--with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml

--enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts #指定安装路径，mysql安装路径，支持各种功能和接口，为了支持apache的worker和event这两个MPM多处理模块，编译时使用--enable-maintainer-zts选项，如果apache使用的是prefork模块则不需要使用该选项。

...........

checking for strftime... (cached) yes

checking which regex library to use... php

checking whether to enable LIBXML support... yes

checking libxml2 install dir... /usr

checking for xml2-config path...

configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation. #编译是提示错误，先查询是否安装过libxml2,如果安装看是否安装了libxml2-devel

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# rpm -qa|grep libxml2 #2个主程序已经安装

libxml2-2.7.6-1.el6.x86_64

libxml2-python-2.7.6-1.el6.x86_64

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# yum list all | grep libxml*

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

libxml2.x86_64 2.7.6-1.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201009221801.x86_64/6.0

libxml2-python.x86_64 2.7.6-1.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-

libxml2.i686 2.7.6-1.el6 Server

libxml2-devel.i686 2.7.6-1.el6 Server

libxml2-devel.x86_64 2.7.6-1.el6 Server #64位系统安装

perl-libxml-perl.noarch 0.08-10.el6 Server

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# yum install libxml2-devel.x86_64

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libxml2-devel.x86_64 0:2.7.6-1.el6 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

=====================================================================================================

Installing:

libxml2-devel x86_64 2.7.6-1.el6 Server 1.1 M

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================================

Install 1 Package(s)

Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 1.1 M

Installed size: 8.5 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing : libxml2-devel-2.7.6-1.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

libxml2-devel.x86_64 0:2.7.6-1.el6

Complete! #libxml2-devel安装完成

*再次执行PHP编译./configure

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl -with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts

.........

checking for gzgets in -lz... yes

checking whether to enable bc style precision math functions... no

checking for BZip2 support... yes

checking for BZip2 in default path... not found

configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution #提示BZip2报错

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# yum list all |grep bzip2* #查询是否缺少bzip2组建

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

bzip2.x86_64 1.0.5-6.1.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux

bzip2-libs.x86_64 1.0.5-6.1.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux

bzip2-devel.i686 1.0.5-6.1.el6 Server

bzip2-devel.x86_64 1.0.5-6.1.el6 Server #该组建未安装

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# yum install bzip2-devel.x86_64 #安装bzip-devel组建

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.5-6.1.el6 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

=====================================================================================================

Installing:

bzip2-devel x86_64 1.0.5-6.1.el6 Server 250 k

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================================

Install 1 Package(s)

Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 250 k

Installed size: 412 k

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing : bzip2-devel-1.0.5-6.1.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.5-6.1.el6

Complete! #安装bzip2-devel成功

*再次执行PHP编译./configure

....................

checking for alloca... (cached) yes

checking for working memcmp... yes

checking for stdarg.h... (cached) yes

checking for mcrypt support... yes

configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.#提示libmcrypt未安装,

需安装mhash-0.9.9.2.rpm mhash-devel-0.9.2.rpm libmcrypt-2.5.7.rpm libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7.rpm

[root@lamp ~]# ls

apr-1.4.6 libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm apr-1.4.6.tar.gz

libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm mhash-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm

apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 mhash-devel-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm

[root@lamp ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm #安装当前目录下，所有.rpm包

warning: libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY

warning: mhash-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 04b8b50a: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:mhash ########################################### [ 25%]

2:libmcrypt ########################################### [ 50%]

3:libmcrypt-devel ########################################### [ 75%]

4:mhash-devel ########################################### [100%]

*再次执行PHP编译./configure

#需注意几个地方 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs 这个表示把php做成httpd的模块方式即不用启动脚本的，如果需要把php做成fcgi,则该项需修改为--enable-fpm,两项不能同时使用。

.................

Generating files

configure: creating ./config.status

creating main/internal_functions.c

creating main/internal_functions_cli.c

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| License: |

| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |

| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |

| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |

| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |

| the installation process at this point. |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

config.status: creating php5.spec

config.status: creating main/build-defs.h

config.status: creating scripts/phpize

config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1

config.status: creating scripts/php-config

config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1

config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1

config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1

config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1

config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1

config.status: creating main/php_config.h

config.status: main/php_config.h is unchanged

config.status: executing default commands #至此第一步./configure完成

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# make

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# make install

.............

Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.conf

You may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path

[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0.4

[PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.2.1

/root/php-5.4.23/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin

ln -s -f /usr/local/php/bin/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar

Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/

至此php编译安装完成，接下来对php相关配置进行设置

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# pwd #确认当前路径，需把编译安装路径下的配置文档复制到对应路径

/root/php-5.4.23

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# ls

acinclude.m4 INSTALL NEWS README.TESTING

aclocal.m4 install-sh pear README.TESTING2

build libphp5.la php5.spec README.UNIX-BUILD-SYSTEM

buildconf libs php5.spec.in README.WIN32-BUILD-SYSTEM

buildconf.bat libtool run-tests.php

CODING_STANDARDS LICENSE php.ini-development（开发环境下的php配置文件）

php.ini-production（生产环境的php配置文件） scripts

[root@lamp php-5.4.23]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini #复制生产环境的php配置文件到编译安装php时指定的路径--with-config-file-path=/etc中并改名

接下来就是编辑php配置文件，使得php能跟httpd结合起来工作：

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf #编辑httpd配置文档，红色部分为修改或者新增

.............

AddType application/x-compress .Z

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #新增该行

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps #新增该行

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html #增加支持index.php主页网页

</IfModule>

修改以上2个地方后，php就可以测试运行了。

[root@lamp ~]# httpd -t #检测httpd配置文件是否有语法错误

Syntax OK

[root@lamp ~]# service httpd restart #重启httpd服务

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@lamp ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ #进入httpd网页存放目录

[root@lamp htdocs]# ls

index.html

[root@lamp htdocs]# mv index.html index.php

[root@lamp htdocs]# vim index.php #编辑主页文件，内容如下，保存并退出。

<html><body><h1>It works!test</h1></body></html>

<?php

phpinfo();

[root@lamp htdocs]#

在客户端浏览器中测试是否php启动生效，测试结果如下，php和httpd服务关联运行了

修改index.php文档内容，测试php是否与mysql关联运行：

[root@lamp htdocs]# vim index.php #内容如下

<html><body><h1>It works! My Apache!</h1></body></html>

<?php

$conn=mysql_connect('localhost','root',''); #('localhost'表示本地mysql主机,root为mysql 用户名，''中间为空：表示目前用户没有设置密码)

if ($conn)

echo "Success....";

else

echo "Failure....";

在客户端浏览器中测试php和mysql服务是否关联运行，测试结果如下：

mysqld服务启动时，测试结果如下：

先停止mysqld服务：

[root@lamp htdocs]# service mysqld stop #关闭mysqld服务

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! #关闭成功

mysqld服务停止时，测试结果如下：

4、安装php扩展功能xcache，为PHP加速：

先下载xcache软件，下载地址文章结尾有地址：

安装步骤：

1、tar xf xcache-2.0.1.tar.gz

2、cd xcache-2.0.1

3、/usr/local/php/bin/phpize (必须在解压缩目录中执行该脚本，以便能关联对应的php程序)

4、./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

5、make && make install

[root@lamp ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg install.log php-5.4.23

apr-1.4.6 install.log.syslog php-5.4.23.tar.bz2

apr-1.4.6.tar.gz libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm xcache-2.0.1.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# tar xf xcache-2.0.1.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# cd xcache-2.0.1

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# pwd

/root/xcache-2.0.1

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize #运行该脚本加载xcache到php中

Configuring for:

PHP Api Version: 20100412

Zend Module Api No: 20100525

Zend Extension Api No: 220100525

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]#./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin

/php-config编译xcache,--enable-xcache启用xcache功能，--with-php-config指定php配置文档路径 .........

checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E

checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed

checking for cc... cc

..........

appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool

configure: creating ./config.status

config.status: creating config.h

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# make

............

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for

more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Build complete.

Don't forget to run 'make test'.

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# make install

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/

#提示安装共享扩展在php库扩展路径中，该路径后面配置xcache配置文档时需提供。

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# mkdir /etc/php.d

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ #把xcache配置文档复制到php.d路径中

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# vim /etc/php.d/xcache.ini #编辑xcache配置文档，红色部分为修改内容

其他选项默认设置即可，设置完后保存退出，重启httpd服务后，xcache才会生效。

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# service httpd restart #重启httpd服务，使得相关配置生效

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.php #编辑配置文档

在客户端访问测试，xcache是否关联成功：

5、编译安装的httpad如何配置使用虚拟主机功能：

先在httpd主配置文档中，关闭中心主机，启用virtualhost功能

[root@lamp xcache-2.0.1]# cd /etc/httpd/

[root@lamp httpd]# vim httpd.conf #编辑httpd主配置文档，修改内容如下图，注释中心主机配置，启用虚拟主机配置功能。

[root@lamp httpd]# vim extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

[root@lamp httpd]# vim httpd.conf #查看httpd主配置文档是否启用mod_log模块。

[root@lamp ~]# mkdir /web/www/{a.org,b.net} -pv #创建单独的目录存放网页内容

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/www"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/www/a.org"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/www/b.net"

[root@lamp httpd]# vim extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #编辑虚拟主机配置文档

日志信息格式：combined显示更详细信息，common一般显示信息

[root@lamp httpd]# mkdir /var/log/httpd #创建日志目录

[root@lamp httpd]# httpd -t #检查httpd配置文件是否有语法错误

Syntax OK

[root@lamp httpd]# service httpd restart #重启httpd服务

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@lamp httpd]# vim extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #编辑虚拟主机配置文档,

明确定义可以允许访问权限.

保存退出。

[root@lamp httpd]# httpd -t #检查httpd配置文件是否有语法错误

Syntax OK

[root@lamp httpd]# service httpd restart #重启httpd服务

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

通过客户端浏览器访问如下：

[root@lamp httpd]# cd /usr/local/apache

[root@lamp apache]# pwd

/usr/local/apache

[root@lamp apache]# ab -c 100 -n 1000 http://127.0.0.1/index.php #测试本机httpd服务器的压力测试，ab为apache自带的一个压力测试脚本，-c：指并发数（即一次接受多少个请求）-n: 指请求总数（总共接受多少个请求）

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>

Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)

Completed 100 requests

Completed 200 requests

Completed 300 requests

Completed 400 requests

Completed 500 requests

Completed 600 requests

Completed 700 requests

Completed 800 requests

Completed 900 requests

Completed 1000 requests

Finished 1000 requests

Server Software: Apache/2.4.4

Server Hostname: 127.0.0.1

Server Port: 80

Document Path: /index.php

Document Length: 53 bytes

Concurrency Level: 100

Time taken for tests: 0.288 seconds

Complete requests: 1000

Failed requests: 0

Write errors: 0

Total transferred: 239000 bytes

HTML transferred: 53000 bytes

Requests per second: 3472.81 [#/sec] (mean)

Time per request: 28.795 [ms] (mean)

Time per request: 0.288 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)

Transfer rate: 810.55 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)

min mean[+/-sd] median max

Connect: 6 13 3.8 12 24

Processing: 3 15 16.0 12 173

Waiting: 2 13 15.8 11 170

Total: 16 28 16.2 23 183

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)

50% 23

66% 27

75% 31

80% 34

90% 37

95% 41

98% 45

99% 136

100% 183 (longest request)

使用ab命令测试apache服务器性能：

========================================================

-c concurrency: 一次性发起的请求格式，默认为1；

-i：测试时使用HEAD方法，默认为GET；

-k：启用HTTP长连接请求方式；

-n requests：发起的模拟请求的总个数，默认为1个，请求数要大于等于并发连接数；

-q：静默模式，在请求数大于150个时不输出请求完成百分比；

输出结果：

Time taken for tests: 从第一个请求连接建立到收到最后一个请求的响应保温结束所经历的时长；

Complete requests: 成功的请求数；

6、下载安装phpMyAdmin软件：下载地址文章结尾处有

[root@lamp ~]# ls

apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2 mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz install.log

httpd-2.4.4 php-5.4.23 phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.19-all-languages.tar.gz

[root@lamp ~]# tar xf phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.19-all-languages.tar.gz -C /web/www/a.org

#-C指定加压到那个目录下

[root@lamp ~]# cd /web/www/a.org/

[root@lamp a.org]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.19-all-languages pma

[root@lamp a.org]# cd pma

[root@lamp pma]# mv config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php #修改名称

[root@lamp pma]# openssl rand -base64 10 #通过openssl生成编码为base64且长度为10的随机数

TM9OWK5xzr9RKg==

[root@lamp pma]# vim config.inc.php #编辑phpMyAdmin的配置文件，把刚生成的随机数写入，如下图：

[root@lamp pma]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'redhat' #给mysql的root用户设置密码，空密码不允许登录phpmyadmin

[root@lamp pma]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-privileges #测试新设置的密码是否正确有效

Enter password:

[root@lamp pma]#

在客户端浏览器输入地址测试是否能正常登录：

测试访问正常。

7、编译安装的apache如何实现ssl功能：

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf #编辑httpd配置文档，启用ssl模块和功能

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

[root@lamp ~]# httpd -t #检查httpd配置文档是否有语法错误

AH00526: Syntax error on line 76 of /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf:

SSLSessionCache: 'shmcb' session cache not supported (known names: ). Maybe you need to load the appropriate socache module (mod_socache_shmcb?). #提示需要开启mod_socache模块

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf #编辑httpd配置文档，启用mod_socache模块

[root@lamp ~]# httpd -t #再次检查httpd配置文档是否有语法错误

AH00526: Syntax error on line 105 of /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf:

SSLCertificateFile: file '/etc/httpd/server.crt' does not exist or is empty #提示自签证书文件为空或者不存在，因为我们没有建立自签证书服务和生成密钥。

8、登录第二台服务器做CA证书服务器（10.109.134.236服务器）并配置好：

[root@xuelinux ~]# cd /etc/pki

[root@xuelinux pki]# cd CA

[root@xuelinux CA]# pwd

/etc/pki/CA

[root@xuelinux CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) #生成私钥；umask077表示生产私钥权限为600，genrsa证书加密格式，-out保存路径及文件名 2048私钥长度

Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus

...............................................+++

.......+++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

[root@xuelinux CA]#vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf #编辑openssl配置文件，红色部分是更改的地方

[ req_distinguished_name ]

countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)

countryName_default = CN #国家

countryName_min = 2

countryName_max = 2

stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)

stateOrProvinceName_default = Jiangsu #省份

localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)

localityName_default = Kunshan #城市

0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)

0.organizationName_default = XueLinux #组织

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)

#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)

#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)

organizationalUnitName_default = Tech #部门

[root@xuelinux CA]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf #修改CA证书路径为绝对路径

[root@xuelinux CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3655 #跟据cakey.pem私钥生成自签证书cacert.pem，其他默认格式，-days是证书有效期（天）

[root@xuelinux CA]# mkdir certs crl newcerts #创建3个证书相关的目录

[root@xuelinux CA]# touch index.txt
[root@xuelinux CA]# echo 01 > serial #下一个证书编号为01
[root@xuelinux CA]# ls #确保/etc/pki/CA目录下有以下文件及目录
cacert.pem certs crl index.txt newcerts private serial

9、重新登录到httpd服务器（10.109.134.237）端，进行相关私钥的设置：

[root@lamp ~]# cd /etc/httpd

[root@lamp httpd]# ls

extra httpd.conf httpd.conf.bak magic mime.types original

[root@lamp httpd]# mkdir ssl #建立ssl目录

[root@lamp httpd]# cd ssl/

[root@lamp ssl]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa 1024 > httpd.key) #生成私钥文件

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus

.............................++++++

..............................................++++++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

[root@lamp ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr #生成证书签核请求

[root@lamp ssl]# ls

httpd.csr httpd.key

[root@lamp ssl]# scp httpd.csr 10.109.134.236:/tmp #把生成的证书签核请求文件复制

到CA证书服务器的/tmp目录下

root@10.109.134.236's password:

httpd.csr 100% 692 0.7KB/s 00:00

10、登录CA证书服务器端（10.109.134.236），对生成的证书签核请求进行签核：

[root@xuelinux ~]# cd /tmp

[root@xuelinux tmp]# ls

httpd.csr lost+found

[root@xuelinux tmp]# openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /tmp/httpd.crt -days 3650 #签核证书申请，并生成证书文件httpd.crt，-days证书有效期，如提示以下错误，需修改配置文件

[root@xuelinux tmp]#cd /etc/pki/CA

[root@xuelinux CA]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf #修改配置文件，具体如下图，

全部修改为optional：

[root@xuelinux CA]# openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /tmp/httpd.crt -days 3650

[root@xuelinux CA]# cat index.txt #查看签核证书记录文件，已经生成一条证书签核记录

V270113063102Z01unknown/C=CN/ST=Jiangsu/O=XueLinux/OU=Tech/CN=hello.xuelinux.com/emailAddress=hello@xuelinux.com

[root@xuelinux CA]# cat serial #查看证书版本号，下一个证书号为02

[root@xuelinux CA]# scp /tmp/httpd.crt 10.109.134.237:/etc/httpd/ssl/ #把签核好的证书文件httpd.crt从CA服务器拷贝到httpd服务器/etc/httpd/ssl/目录下

The authenticity of host '10.109.134.249 (10.109.134.249)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is 5c:ec:b4:96:87:ae:6a:f8:66:09:d9:7a:f8:39:21:ae.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '10.109.134.249' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@10.109.134.237's password:

httpd.crt 100% 3892 3.8KB/s 00:00 #拷贝完成

[root@xuelinux CA]# ls newcerts/ #查看是否有生成证书的记录01.pem生成的第一个证书记录

01.pem

[root@xuelinux CA]# cd /tmp

[root@xuelinux tmp]# ls

httpd.crt httpd.csr

[root@xuelinux tmp]# rm -rf httpd.c* #需把临时目录下的证书文件清除，以免被别人获取

[root@xuelinux tmp]# ls

11、切换登录到httpd服务器端（10.109.134.237），对ssl配置文件进行修改：

[root@lamp ssl]# ls

httpd.crt httpd.csr httpd.key

[root@lamp ssl]# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf #修改配置文件httpd-ssl.conf,

如下图位置需做修改：

[root@lamp ssl]# httpd -t #检查httpd配置文件是否有语法错误

Syntax OK

[root@lamp ssl]# service httpd restart #重启httpd服务

停止 httpd： [确定]

正在启动 httpd： [确定]

[root@lamp ssl]# netstat -tlnp #查看主机是否监听了443端口

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8787/mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1646/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1871/httpd

tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 1871/httpd

至此httpd服务器端和CA证书服务器端配置完成。

客户端没有安装证书的测试结果如下：

把CA证书服务器上生成的证书文件/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem拷贝到客户端后，并改名后缀名为

cacert.crt,然后点击安装安装证书至受信任机构中即可：

登录到CA证书服务器（10.109.134.236）

[root@xuelinux CA]# lftp test@10.109.134.247 #远程连接ftp服务器

口令:

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> put /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem #把cacert.pem证书上传至ftp服务器

1432 bytes transferred #传输完成

lftp test@10.109.134.247:/> ls cacert.pem #查看ftp服务器上是否已经上传成功

-rw-rw-rw- 1 user group 1432 Feb 22 09:24 cacert.pem

修改后缀为，cacert.crt并点击安装：

安装证书后，访问测试结果如下：

如果安装证书后访问网站提示：You don't have permission to access / on this server.

需修改ssl配置文档的权限设定，具体修改内容如下：

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

apr-util-1.4.1.tar.gz下载地址：

http://download.chinaunix.net/download.php?id=36061&ResourceID=470

apr-1.4.6.tar.gz下载地址：

http://download.chinaunix.net/download.php?id=37842&ResourceID=470

httpd-2.4.4.tar.gz下载地址:

http://download.csdn.net/download/www476907899/5208979

mysql-5.5.54通用二进制版本下载地址：

http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/

php-5.4.23.tar.bz2下载地址：

http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/

libmcrypt-2.5.8.rpm下载地址:

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/15286582/dir/redhat_el_6/com/libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm.html

libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8.rpm下载地址:

http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=libmcrypt-devel(x86-64)

mhash-devel-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm下载地址：

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/21892847/dir/centos_6/com/mhash-devel-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm.html

mhash-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm下载地址：

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/21892845/dir/centos_6/com/mhash-0.9.9-2.3.x86_64.rpm.html

xcache-2.0.1.tar.gz下载地址：

http://xcache.lighttpd.net/wiki/Release-2.0.1

phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.19-all-languages.tar.gz下载地址：

https://www.phpmyadmin.net/

ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz下载地址：

http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/3.3.9/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz

其它下载链接 **************************************************************

1、Linux MySQL5.5源码安装

http://www.cnblogs.com/ghsea/p/4264696.html

2、Linux环境下安装zend optimizer

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6797650b0100vzs5.html

3、ZendOptimizer-3.3.3 下载：

http://www.neatstudio.com/show-1038-1.shtml

ZendOptimizer-3.3.9 下载：

http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/3.3.9/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz （32位）

http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/3.3.9/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz （64位）

4、Zend Optimizer不支持php5.3的解决方案

http://284772894.iteye.com/blog/1920685

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/woyaoxuelinux/1898731

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