ODPI-C Installation¶

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-15 11:47:55 发布

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ODPI-C Installation¶

Overview ¶

To use ODPI-C in your own project, download its source from GitHub. A sample Makefile is provided if you wish to build ODPI-C as a shared library. Otherwise, add the ODPI-C source code to your project. On Windows, Visual Studio 2008 or higher is required. On macOS, Xcode 6 or higher is required. On Linux, GCC 4.4 or higher is required.

Projects using ODPI-C require Oracle Client libraries to be installed. The libraries provide the necessary network connectivity allowing applications to access an Oracle Database instance. They also provide basic and advanced connection management and data features to ODPI-C applications.

The simplest Oracle Client is the free Oracle Instant Client. Only the “Basic” or “Basic Light” package is required. Oracle Client libraries are also available in any Oracle Database installation or full Oracle Client installation.

ODPI-C explicitly loads available Oracle Client libraries at runtime. This allows code using ODPI-C to be built only once, and then run using available Oracle Client 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 libraries. On non-Windows platforms, if no Oracle Client is located in the standard operating system search page (e.g. LD_LIBRARY_PATH), then ORACLE_HOME is searched. If Oracle Client libraries are still not found, the error “DPI-1047: Oracle Client library cannot be loaded” is raised.

The following sections explain how to ensure the Oracle Client is installed and configured correctly on the various platforms so that ODPI-C is able to find it.

ODPI-C has been tested on Linux, Windows and macOS. Other platforms should also work but have not been tested.

Oracle Client and Database Versions ¶

ODPI-C can use Oracle Client 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 libraries.

Oracle Client libraries allow connection to older and newer databases. In summary, Oracle Client 12.2 can connect to Oracle Database 11.2 or greater. Oracle Client 12.1 can connect to Oracle Database 10.2 or greater. Oracle Client 11.2 can connect to Oracle Database 9.2 or greater. For additional information on which Oracle Database releases are supported by which Oracle client versions, please see Doc ID 207303.1.

Since a single ODPI-C binary can use multiple client versions and access multiple database versions, it is important your application is tested in your intended release environments. Newer Oracle clients support new features, such as the oraaccess.xml external configuration file available with 12.1 or later clients, and session pool enhancements to dead connection detection in 12.2 clients.

The function dpiContext_getClientVersion() can be used to determine which Oracle Client version is in use and the functiondpiConn_getServerVersion() can be used to determine which Oracle Database version a connection is accessing. These can then be used to adjust application behavior accordingly. Attempts to use some Oracle features that are not supported by a particular client/server combination may result in runtime errors. These include:

when attempting to access attributes that are not supported by the current Oracle Client library you will get the error “ORA-24315: illegal attribute type”
when attempting to use implicit results with Oracle Client 11.2 against Oracle Database 12c you will get the error “ORA-29481: Implicit results cannot be returned to client”
when attempting to get array DML row counts with Oracle Client 11.2 you will get the error “DPI-1013: not supported”

Linux ¶

ODPI-C requires Oracle Client libraries, which are found in Oracle Instant Client, or an Oracle Database installation, or in a full Oracle Client installation. The libraries must be either 32-bit or 64-bit, matching your application and ODPI-C library (if one is created separately).

On Linux, ODPI-C first searches for a library called “libclntsh.so” using the standard library search order. If this is not found, it will then search for “libclntsh.so.12.1” and then for “libclntsh.so.11.1” before returning an error.

Oracle Instant Client Zip ¶

To run ODPI-C applications with Oracle Instant Client zip files:

Download an Oracle 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 “Basic” or “Basic Light” zip file: 64-bit or 32-bit, matching your application architecture.
Unzip the package into a single directory that is accessible to your application. For example:
```
mkdir -p /opt/oracle
cd /opt/oracle
unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
```
Install the libaio package with sudo or as the root user. For example:
```
sudo yum install libaio
```
On some Linux distributions this package is called libaio1 instead.
Set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH to the appropriate directory for the Instant Client version. For example:
```
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
```
Alternatively, if there is no other Oracle software on the machine that will be impacted, permanently add Instant Client to the runtime link path. For example, with sudo or as the root user:
```
sudo sh -c "echo /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2 > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf"
sudo ldconfig
```

Oracle Instant Client RPM ¶

To run ODPI-C applications with Oracle Instant Client RPMs:

Download an Oracle 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 “Basic” or “Basic Light” RPM: 64-bit or 32-bit, matching your application architecture.
Install the downloaded RPM with sudo or as the root user. For example:
```
sudo yum install oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
```
Yum will automatically install required dependencies, such as libaio.
Set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH to the appropriate directory for the Instant Client version. For example:
```
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
```
Alternatively, if there is no other Oracle software on the machine that will be impacted, permanently add Instant Client to the runtime link path. For example, with sudo or as the root user:
```
sudo sh -c "echo /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf"
sudo ldconfig
```

Local Database or Full Oracle Client ¶

ODPI-C applications can use Oracle Client 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 libraries from a local Oracle Database or full Oracle Client installation.

The libraries must be either 32-bit or 64-bit, matching your application and ODPI-C library (if one is created separately).

Set required Oracle environment variables by running the Oracle environment script. For example:
```
source /usr/local/bin/oraenv
```
For Oracle XE, run:
```
source /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/oracle_env.sh
```

Windows ¶

On Windows, ODPI-C searches for the Oracle Client library “OCI.dll” using the standard library search order.

Oracle Client libraries require the presence of the correct Visual Studio redistributable.

11.2 : VS 2005 64-bit or VS 2005 32-bit
12.1 : VS 2010
12.2 : VS 2013

Oracle Instant Client Zip ¶

To run ODPI-C applications with Oracle Instant Client zip files:

Download an Oracle 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 “Basic” or “Basic Light” zip file: 64-bit or 32-bit, matching your application architecture.
Unzip the package into a single directory that is accessible to your application.
Set the environment variable PATH to include the path that you created in step 2. For example, on Windows 7, update PATH in Control Panel -> System -> Advanced System Settings -> Advanced -> Environment Variables -> System Variables -> PATH.

Local Database or Full Oracle Client ¶

The Oracle libraries must be either 32-bit or 64-bit, matching your application and ODPI-C library (if one is created separately).

To run ODPI-C applications using client libraries from a local Oracle Database (or full Oracle Client) 11.2, 12.1 or 12.2 installation:

Set the environment variable PATH to include the path that contains OCI.dll, if it is not already set. For example, on Windows 7, updatePATH in Control Panel -> System -> Advanced System Settings -> Advanced -> Environment Variables -> System Variables -> PATH.

macOS ¶

ODPI-C requires Oracle Client libraries, which are found in Oracle Instant Client for macOS.

On macOS, ODPI-C first searches for a library called “libclntsh.dylib” using the standard library search order. If this is not found, it will then search for “libclntsh.dylib.12.1” and then for “libclntsh.dylib.11.1” before returning an error.

Oracle Instant Client Zip ¶

To run ODPI-C applications with Oracle Instant Client zip files:

Download the 11.2 or 12.1 “Basic” or “Basic Light” zip file from here. Choose either a 64-bit or 32-bit package, matching your application architecture. Most applications use 64-bit.
Unzip the package into a single directory that is accessible to your application. For example:
```
mkdir -p /opt/oracle
unzip instantclient-basic-macos.x64-12.1.0.2.0.zip
```

Add links to $HOME/lib to enable applications to find the library. For example:

mkdir ~/lib
ln -s /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_1/libclntsh.dylib.12.1 ~/lib/

Alternatively, copy the required OCI libraries. For example:

mkdir ~/lib
cp /opt/oracle/instantclient_12_1/{libclntsh.dylib.12.1,libclntshcore.dylib.12.1,libons.dylib,libnnz12.dylib,libociei.dylib} ~/lib/

For Instant Client 11.2, the OCI libraries must be copied. For example:

mkdir ~/lib
cp /opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2/{libclntsh.dylib.11.1,libnnz11.dylib,libociei.dylib} ~/lib/

Other Platforms ¶

To run ODPI-C applications on other platforms (such as Solaris and AIX), follow the same general directions as for Linux Instant Client zip files or Local Database. Add the Oracle libraries to the appropriate library path variable, such as LD_LIBRARY_PATH on Solaris, or LIBPATH on AIX.

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