一、发现问题
平时使用mysqldump备份时有人喜欢用-A –B参数进行全备,这样备份的时候会简单一点,但是恢复的时候如果直接恢复会把所有库都会恢复,这不是我们想要的结果。
二、分析问题
恢复单库或是单表我们可以通过shell命令从全库备份的SQL文件中截取出我们想要的部分。另外针对单库的恢复MySQL也有一个参数来解决这个问题.
三、解决问题
1、通过MySQL自带的参数恢复单库。
# 全备的数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| WL_TJ56_DICT |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
| test02 |
+--------------------+
#执行全备
[root@TestServer01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.sock -A -B --events > /opt/fullbackup.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@TestServer01 ~]# ll /opt/fullbackup.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 651037 Dec 20 00:44 /opt/fullbackup.sql
#drop数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| WL_TJ56_DICT |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
| test02 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> drop database test01;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> drop database test02;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> drop database WL_TJ56_DICT;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 最后恢复test库
#恢复库的时候报错,找不到test库。
[root@TestServer01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.sock --one-database test < /opt/fullbackup.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'test'
#这时可以通过全备的SQL文件,找到创建库的语句,创建test库
[root@TestServer01 ~]# grep -i "^create database" /opt/fullbackup.sql
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `WL_TJ56_DICT` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `mysql` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test01` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test02` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
mysql> CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#test库创建好了,再进行恢复。
#恢复成功没有报错
[root@TestServer01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.sock --one-database test < /opt/fullbackup.sql
#最后来查看有没有恢复出来数据
#奇怪? 这里怎么其它库也出来了,不是只恢复test库吗?
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| WL_TJ56_DICT |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test01 |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#赶紧查看test有没有数据,这里可以查看test的数据
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from t;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | xm |
| 2 | xmj |
| 3 | xuwu |
| 4 | chuzan |
| 5 | chuzan2 |
| 6 | chuzan3 |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#其它库呢? 这里没有恢复出数据来。在这里我也纠结好久,我明明只恢复test库怎么其它库也恢复出来了呢? 只是其它库没有数据而已。
mysql> use test01
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
至此,单库通过参数恢复到此为止。
2、通过shell命令截取要恢复库的表结构及数据来进行恢复
#首先我drop掉用户的数据库,全备的数据我还是使用之前的备份。
#现在只有mysql自带的库了
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#现在还是来恢复test库,其它库不恢复
#在操作系统执行下面的命令
[root@TestServer01 ~]# cat /opt/fullbackup.sql | \
> sed -n -e '/^CREATE DATABASE.*`test`/,/^CREATE DATABASE/ p' | \
> sed -e '$d' | \
> mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.sock
#现在来查看test库是否恢复成功
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| Area |
| t |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | xm |
| 2 | xmj |
| 3 | xuwu |
| 4 | chuzan |
| 5 | chuzan2 |
| 6 | chuzan3 |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
#从上面结果来看,恢复是成功的。
3、通过shell命令截取要恢复表的表结构及数据来进行恢复
#首先登陆test数据库,删除t表
mysql> use test
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| Area |
| t |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | xm |
| 2 | xmj |
| 3 | xuwu |
| 4 | chuzan |
| 5 | chuzan2 |
| 6 | chuzan3 |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| Area |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 在操作系统使用命令截取出表的结构及数据的SQL。
[root@TestServer01 ~]# cat /opt/fullbackup.sql | sed -n -e '/^CREATE DATABASE.*`test`/,/^CREATE DATABASE/ p' | sed -e '$d' | sed -n '/-- Table structure for table `t`/,/UNLOCK TABLES;/p' > create_t.sql
#查看生成的SQL语句。
[root@TestServer01 ~]# cat create_t.sql
-- Table structure for table `t`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `t` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `t`
--
LOCK TABLES `t` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `t` VALUES (1,'xm'),(2,'xmj'),(3,'xuwu'),(4,'chuzan'),(5,'chuzan2'),(6,'chuzan3');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
#重新登录并切换到test库,使用source 命令执行之前生成的SQL语句。
mysql> use test
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
mysql> source create_t.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#查看数据t表恢复成功
mysql> select * from t;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | xm |
| 2 | xmj |
| 3 | xuwu |
| 4 | chuzan |
| 5 | chuzan2 |
| 6 | chuzan3 |
+----+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
至此单表的恢复成功了。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/xumingjiang/1884622