域名服务器是internat服务，在企业内部有着非常重要的作用，现在我就将其搭建与配置相关内容描述如下。

 一 安装

yum install bind   bind-chroot    bind-utils

      现在主要来实现主、从域名服务器，智能解析-分离解析功能。还有 域名应用实例 主要特例：基于域名解析的负载均衡，泛域名解析，子域授权。

二 环境拓扑

 三 主从复制过程

   master DNS服务器更新完配置后，首先会向slave DNS服务器发送notify消息。随后slave DNS服务器向master DNS服务器发送SOA查询请求，主DNS服务器返回结果给从DNS服务器，slave DNS服务器会对比其serial，如果小于自己的serial就结束同步过程。如果返回的查询结果中的serial号比自己的大，向master DNS服务器发送zone transfer请求，master DNS响应后会发送结果，slave DNS服务器接收数据，完成更新。

四 bind配置过程

1.将主从DNS服务器的域名设置成自己的ipaddress

master的/etc/reslov.conf加入：nameserver  192.168.4.44

slave的/etc/reslov.conf加入：nameserver  192.168.4.70

2.配置master DNS服务器

 2.1 其/etc/named.conf配置如下

// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//

options {
listen-on port 53 {any;};    //监听ip,192.168.4.44  172.16.100.80
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;

forwarders {221.130.13.133;};  转发给上级DNS
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;

/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};

logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};

//172.16.100.0/24模拟内网，192.168.4.0/24模拟外网。

key "lan" {
algorithm hmac-md5 ;
secret "1Zgap+bwH5Yjtj0mo+Bj9g==";
};

key "wan"{
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "1TK0ThAdgiQ8IrJBm+SQZA==";
};

view "lan" {
match-clients { 172.16.100.0/24; };  //匹配客户端
server 172.16.100.70 {keys "lan";};  //slave服务器地址
allow-transfer {key lan;};
include "/etc/named/lan.conf";     //zone配置文件
};

view "wan"{
match-clients { any; };
server 192.168.4.70 {keys wan;};
allow-transfer {key wan;};
include "/etc/named/wan.conf";
};
 

 2.2 视图lan配置文件lan.conf

zone "longining.com." IN {
type master;
allow-transfer {172.16.100.70;};
file "/var/named/longining.lan";
};
zone "100.16.172.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type master;
allow-transfer {172.16.100.70;};
file "/var/named/100.16.172.arpa";
};

 2.3 视图wan配置文件wan.conf

zone "longining.com." IN {
type master;
allow-transfer {192.168.4.70;};
file "/var/named/longining.wan";
};
zone "4.168.192.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type master;
allow-transfer {192.168.4.70;};
file "/var/named/4.168.192.arpa";
};
 

2.4 lan.conf对应的正反向解析文件

 2.4.1 longining.lan内容如下

//longining.lan内容

 $TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.longining.com. root@longining.com (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
IN NS dns.longining.com.
IN MX 10 mail.longining.com.
dns  IN A 172.16.100.70
dns  IN A 192.168.4.44
www  IN A 192.168.4.44
time IN A 172.16.100.70
mail IN A 192.168.4.44

 2.4.2 100.16.172.arpa内容如下

 $TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.longining.com. root.longining.com (
            0 ; serial
           1D ; refresh
           1H ; retry
           1W ; expire
           3H ) ; minimum
   IN NS dns.longining.com.
70 IN PTR dns.longining.com.                                         70 IN PTR time.longining.com.                                         70 IN PTR ftp.longining.com.

 2.4.3 longining.wan配置如下

 $TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.longining.com. root@longining.com (
                0 ; serial
                1D ; refresh
                1H ; retry
                1W ; expire
                3H ) ; minimum
      IN NS dns.longining.com.
      IN MX 10 mail.longining.com.
dns   IN A 192.168.4.44
dns   IN A 172.16.100.70    // 负载均衡
www   IN A 192.168.4.44
time  IN A 172.16.100.70
mail  IN A 192.168.4.44                                               *    IN A 192.168.4.44   //泛域名解析

 2.4.4 4.168.192.arpa配置如下

$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.longining.com. root.longining.com (
                     0 ; serial
                     1D ; refresh
                     1H ; retry
                     1W ; expire
                     3H ) ; minimum
   IN NS dns.longining.com.
44 IN PTR mail.longining.com.
44 IN PTR dns.longining.com.
44 IN PTR www.longining.com.
 

3 slave DNS服务器的配置

  3.1 /etc/named.conf配置如下

 //
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//

options {
listen-on port 53 { 172.16.100.70;192.168.4.70;};
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;
[root@Nodes01 ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//

options {
listen-on port 53 { 172.16.100.70;192.168.4.70;};
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;

dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;

/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};

logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};

key "lan" {
algorithm hmac-md5 ;
secret "1Zgap+bwH5Yjtj0mo+Bj9g==";
};

key "wan"{
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "1TK0ThAdgiQ8IrJBm+SQZA==";
};


view "lan" {
match-clients { 172.16.100.0/24; };
server 172.16.100.80 {keys lan;};
allow-transfer {key lan;};
zone "longining.com" IN {
type slave;
masters {172.16.100.80;};
file "slaves/longining.lan";
};

zone "100.16.172.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type slave;
masters {172.16.100.80;};
file "slaves/100.16.172.arpa";
};

};

view "wan"{

match-clients { any; };
server 192.168.4.44 {keys wan;};
allow-transfer {key wan;};
zone "longining.com" IN {
type slave;
masters {192.168.4.44;};
file "slaves/longining.wan";
};
zone "4.168.192.in-addr.arpa." IN {
type slave;
masters {192.168.4.44;};
file "slaves/4.168.192.arpa ";
};
};

  3.2 key生成方法 

    以lan密钥为例

[root@master ~]# dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n HOST "lan"
Klan.+157+47240
[root@master ~]# ls Klan.+157+47240.*
Klan.+157+47240.key Klan.+157+47240.private
 

4 重启named服务

service named restart

查看zone是否同步成功

[root@Nodes01 ~]# ls /var/named/slaves/    //同步成功zone文件
100.16.172.arpa 4.168.192.arpa longining.lan longining.wan

如果没同步成功，请查看日志/var/log/messages