Mysql：语法：数据类型的空间需求

必须要注意：

不同的Mysql存储引擎在具体实现不同的数据类型时，存储方式、空间需求、处理方式都不一定完全相同。所以，这个问题必须放在具体的存储引擎实现上才有意义！

另外，即使是同一存储引擎，版本不同，存储实现 也可能有变化！

以下讨论限于通常的mysql的 myisam存储引擎。

 

Storage Requirements for Numeric Types in MyISAM

Data Type	Storage Required
TINYINT	1 byte
SMALLINT	2 bytes
MEDIUMINT	3 bytes
INT, INTEGER	4 bytes
BIGINT	8 bytes
FLOAT(p)	4 bytes if 0 <= p <= 24, 8 bytes if 25 <= p <= 53
FLOAT	4 bytes
DOUBLE [PRECISION], REAL	8 bytes
DECIMAL(M,D), NUMERIC(M,D)	Varies; see following discussion。大概为：(有效数字个数M/9)*4 个byte
BIT(M)	approximately (M+7)/8 bytes。大概为：(容量M+7)/8个字符，通常为：1个字节

Values for DECIMAL (and NUMERIC) columns are represented using a binary format that packs nine decimal (base 10) digits into four bytes. Storage for the integer and fractional parts of each value are determined separately. Each multiple of nine digits requires four bytes, and the “leftover” digits require some fraction of four bytes. The storage required for excess digits is given by the following table.

Leftover Digits	Number of Bytes
0	0
1	1
2	1
3	2
4	2
5	3
6	3
7	4
8	4

 

 

Storage Requirements for Date and Time Types in MyISAM

Data Type	Storage Required
DATE	3 bytes
TIME	3 bytes
DATETIME	8 bytes
TIMESTAMP	4 bytes
YEAR	1 byte

The storage requirements shown in the table arise from the way that MySQL represents temporal values:

• DATE: A three-byte integer packed as DD + MM×32 + YYYY×16×32

• TIME: A three-byte integer packed as DD×24×3600 + HH×3600 + MM×60 + SS

• DATETIME: Eight bytes:

  • A four-byte integer packed as YYYY×10000 + MM×100 + DD

  • A four-byte integer packed as HH×10000 + MM×100 + SS

• TIMESTAMP: A four-byte integer representing seconds UTC since the epoch ('1970-01-01 00:00:00' UTC)

• YEAR: A one-byte integer

 

 

Storage Requirements for String Types in MyISAM

In the following table, M represents the declared column length in characters for nonbinary string types and bytes for binary string types. L represents the actual length in bytes of a given string value.

Data Type	Storage Required
CHAR(M)	M × w bytes, 0 <= M <= 255, where w is the number of bytes required for the maximum-length character in the character set
BINARY(M)	M bytes, 0 <= M <= 255
VARCHAR(M), VARBINARY(M)	L + 1 bytes, where L < 28, L + 2 bytes, where L < 216
TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT	L + 1 bytes, where L < 28
BLOB, TEXT	L + 2 bytes, where L < 216
MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT	L + 3 bytes, where L < 224
LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT	L + 4 bytes, where L < 232
ENUM('value1','value2',...)	1 or 2 bytes, depending on the number of enumeration values (65,535 values maximum)
SET('value1','value2',...)	1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 bytes, depending on the number of set members (64 members maximum)

 

Variable-length string types are stored using a length prefix plus data. The length prefix requires from one to four bytes depending on the data type, and the value of the prefix is L (the byte length of the string). For example, storage for a MEDIUMTEXT value requires L bytes to store the value plus three bytes to store the length of the value.

To calculate the number of bytes used to store a particular CHAR, VARCHAR, or TEXT column value, you must take into account the character set used for that column and whether the value contains multi-byte characters. In particular, when using the utf8 Unicode character set, you must keep in mind that not all utf8 characters use the same number of bytes and can require up to three bytes per character. For a breakdown of the storage used for different categories of utf8 characters, see Section 9.1.10, “Unicode Support”.

VARCHAR, VARBINARY, and the BLOB and TEXT types are variable-length types. For each, the storage requirements depend on these factors:

• The actual length of the column value

• The column's maximum possible length

• The character set used for the column, because some character sets contain multi-byte characters

For example, a VARCHAR(255) column can hold a string with a maximum length of 255 characters. Assuming that the column uses the latin1 character set (one byte per character), the actual storage required is the length of the string (L), plus one byte to record the length of the string. For the string 'abcd', L is 4 and the storage requirement is five bytes. If the same column is instead declared to use the ucs2 double-byte character set, the storage requirement is 10 bytes: The length of 'abcd' is eight bytes and the column requires two bytes to store lengths because the maximum length is greater than 255 (up to 510 bytes).

Note

The effective maximum number of bytes that can be stored in a VARCHAR or VARBINARY column is subject to the maximum row size of 65,535 bytes, which is shared among all columns. For a VARCHAR column that stores multi-byte characters, the effective maximum number of characters is less. For example, utf8 characters can require up to three bytes per character, so a VARCHAR column that uses the utf8 character set can be declared to be a maximum of 21,844 characters.