一个简单的Servlet容器实现-CSDN博客

程序执行步骤

创建一个ServerSocket对象；
调用ServerSocket对象的accept方法，等待连接，连接成功会返回一个Socket对象，否则一直阻塞等待；
从Socket对象中获取InputStream和OutputStream字节流，这两个流分别对应request请求和response响应；
处理请求：读取InputStream字节流信息，转成字符串形式，并解析，这里的解析比较简单，仅仅获取uri(统一资源标识符)信息;
处理响应（分两种类型，静态资源请求响应或servlet请求响应）：如果是静态资源请求，则根据解析出来的uri信息，从WEB_ROOT目录中寻找请求的资源资源文件, 读取资源文件，并将其写入到OutputStream字节流中；如果是Servlet请求，则首先生成一个URLClassLoader类加载器，加载请求的servlet类，创建servlet对象，执行service方法（往OutputStream写入响应的数据）；
关闭Socket对象；
转到步骤2，继续等待连接请求；

代码实现：

添加依赖：

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>
        </dependency>

服务器代码：

package ex02.pyrmont.first;

import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import ex02.pyrmont.Request;
import ex02.pyrmont.Response;
import ex02.pyrmont.StaticResourceProcessor;

public class HttpServer1 {

    // 关闭服务命令
    private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpServer1 server = new HttpServer1();
        //等待连接请求
        server.await();
    }

    public void await() {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        int port = 8080;
        try {
            //服务器套接字对象
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

        // 循环等待请求
        while (true) {
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream input = null;
            OutputStream output = null;
            try {
                //等待连接，连接成功后，返回一个Socket对象
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                input = socket.getInputStream();
                output = socket.getOutputStream();

                // 创建Request对象并解析
                Request request = new Request(input);
                request.parse();
                // 检查是否是关闭服务命令
                if (request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND)) {
                    break;
                }
                
                // 创建 Response 对象
                Response response = new Response(output);
                response.setRequest(request);

                if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) {
                    //请求uri以/servlet/开头，表示servlet请求
                    ServletProcessor1 processor = new ServletProcessor1();
                    processor.process(request, response);
                } else {
                    //静态资源请求
                    StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor();
                    processor.process(request, response);
                }

                // 关闭 socket
                socket.close();

            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
    }
}

常量类：

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.File;

public class Constants {
    public static final String WEB_ROOT = System.getProperty("user.dir")
            + File.separator + "webroot";
    public static final String WEB_SERVLET_ROOT = System.getProperty("user.dir")
            + File.separator + "target" + File.separator + "classes";
            
}

Request：

 
  View Code

Response：

 
  View Code

静态资源请求处理：

package ex02.pyrmont;

import java.io.IOException;

public class StaticResourceProcessor {

    public void process(Request request, Response response) {
        try {
            response.sendStaticResource();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Servlet请求处理：

package ex02.pyrmont.first;

import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

import ex02.pyrmont.Constants;
import ex02.pyrmont.Request;
import ex02.pyrmont.Response;

public class ServletProcessor1 {

    public void process(Request request, Response response) {

        String uri = request.getUri();
        String servletName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
        
        //类加载器，用于从指定JAR文件或目录加载类
        URLClassLoader loader = null;
        try {
            URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null;
            //创建类加载器
            loader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{new URL(null, "file:" + Constants.WEB_SERVLET_ROOT, streamHandler)});
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }
        
        Class<?> myClass = null;
        try {
            //加载对应的servlet类
            myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

        Servlet servlet = null;

        try {
            //生产servlet实例
            servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
            //执行ervlet的service方法
            servlet.service((ServletRequest) request,(ServletResponse) response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

    }
}

Servlet类：

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class PrimitiveServlet implements Servlet {

    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("from service");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("Hello. Roses are red.");
        out.print("Violets are blue.");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy");
    }

    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

}

结果测试：

静态资源请求：

servlet请求（因为只是第一个字符串被刷新到浏览器，所以你不能看到第二个字符串Violets are blue。我们将在后续完善该容器）：

改进

　　前面实现的Servlet容器有一个严重的问题，用户在servlet里可以直接将ServletRequest、ServletResponse向下转型为Request和Response类型，并直接调用其内部的public方法，这是一个不好的设计，改进方法是给Request、Response 增加外观类，这样，用户只能访问外观类里定义的public方法。

Request外观类