运算符
1、算数运算：
2、比较运算：
3、赋值运算：
4、逻辑运算：
5、成员运算：
基本数据类型
1、数字
int（整型）
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
int
2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3、字符串
"hello world"
字符串常用功能：
- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
str
4、列表
创建列表：
|
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2
3
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name_list
=
[
'alex'
,
'seven'
,
'eric'
]
或
name_list ＝
list
([
'alex'
,
'seven'
,
'eric'
])
|
基本操作：
- 索引
-
print(li[0]) - 切片
-
print(li[3:5]) - 追加
- 删除
-
# del li[1] # print(li)
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
-
# for item in li: # print(item)
- 包含
list
5、元祖
创建元祖：
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1
2
3
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ages
=
(
11
,
22
,
33
,
44
,
55
)
或
ages
=
tuple
((
11
,
22
,
33
,
44
,
55
))
|
基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 循环
- 长度
- 包含
tuple
6、字典（无序）
创建字典：
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2
3
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person
=
{
"name"
:
"mr.wu"
,
'age'
:
18
}
或
person
=
dict
({
"name"
:
"mr.wu"
,
'age'
:
18
})
|
常用操作：
- 索引
- 新增
- 删除
- 键、值、键值对
- 循环
- 长度
dict
PS：循环，range，continue 和 break
其他
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
|
1
2
3
|
li
=
[
11
,
22
,
33
,
44
]
for
item
in
li:
print
item
|
2、enumrate
为可迭代的对象添加序号
|
1
2
3
|
li
=
[
11
,
22
,
33
]
for
k,v
in
enumerate
(li,
1
):
print
(k,v)
|
3、range和xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
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7
8
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print
range
(
1
,
10
)
# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print
range
(
1
,
10
,
2
)
# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
print
range
(
30
,
0
,
-
2
)
# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
|
练习题
一、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
二、查找
查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
四、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
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2
3
4
5
6
|
goods
=
[
{
"name"
:
"电脑"
,
"price"
:
1999
},
{
"name"
:
"鼠标"
,
"price"
:
10
},
{
"name"
:
"游艇"
,
"price"
:
20
},
{
"name"
:
"美女"
,
"price"
:
998
},
]
|
五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
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12
13
|
dic
=
{
"河北"
: {
"石家庄"
: [
"鹿泉"
,
"藁城"
,
"元氏"
],
"邯郸"
: [
"永年"
,
"涉县"
,
"磁县"
],
}
"河南"
: {
...
}
"山西"
: {
...
}
}
|
评论列表
# 查找列表，元组，字典，中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
for i in li:
b=i.strip()
if (b.startswith("a") or b.startswith("A")) and b.endswith("c"):
print(b)
for i1 in tu:
c=i1.strip()
if (c.startswith('a')or c.startswith('A')) and c.endswith('c'):
print(c)
for i2 in dic:
d=dic[i2].strip()
if (d.startswith('a') or d.startswith('A')) and d.endswith('c'):
print (d)
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
for i in li:
b=i.strip()
if (b.startswith("a") or b.startswith("A")) and b.endswith("c"):
print(b)
for i1 in tu:
c=i1.strip()
if (c.startswith('a')or c.startswith('A')) and c.endswith('c'):
print(c)
for i2 in dic:
d=dic[i2].strip()
if (d.startswith('a') or d.startswith('A')) and d.endswith('c'):
print (d)
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44
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46
47
|
第四题购物车答案
shopping_cart
=
[]
salary
=
2000
goods
=
[
{
"name"
:
"电脑"
,
"price"
:
3000
},
{
"name"
:
"鼠标"
,
"price"
:
103
},
{
"name"
:
"游艇"
,
"price"
:
200000
},
{
"name"
:
"美女"
,
"price"
:
998
},
]
for
i
in
enumerate
(goods):
index
=
i[
0
]
#序号
p_list
=
i[
1
]
#商品清单
p_name_list
=
p_list.get(
'name'
)
#商品名称列表
p_price_list
=
p_list.get(
'price'
)
#商品价格列表
print
(index,
":"
,p_name_list,p_price_list)
while
True
:
choice
=
input
(
"please enter your choice:"
).strip()
if
choice.isdigit():
#如果选择为正整数
choice
=
int
(choice)
#输入为数字
if
choice <
len
(goods)
and
choice >
=
0
:
#选择小于列表长度大于0时
p_item
=
goods[choice]
#加入购物车
p_name
=
p_item.get(
'name'
)
p_monery
=
p_item.get(
'price'
)
if
p_monery <
=
salary:
#如果商品价格小于等于余额
shopping_cart.append(p_item)
#加入购物车
salary
-
=
p_monery
#结算
print
(
"购买的商品\033[32m:%s\033[0m已加入到购物车"
.center(
40
,
'-'
)
%
p_name)
for
p_item
in
shopping_cart:
print
(p_name,p_monery)
print
(
"您的余额为\033[31m:%s\033[0m元"
%
salary)
else
:
print
(
"您的余额不足，差%s元"
%
(
abs
(p_monery
-
salary)))
else
:
print
(
"没有此件商品!"
)
else
:
print
(
"参数错误"
)
if
choice
=
=
"q"
or
choice
=
=
"quit"
:
cost
=
0
print
(
"您购买的商品清单如下:"
)
for
p
in
shopping_cart:
print
(p_name, p_monery)
cost
+
=
p_monery
print
(
"\033[32m消费总金额:"
,cost,
"元\033[0m"
)
print
(
"\033[32m您的余额为:"
,salary,
"元\033[0m"
)
break
|
shopping_cart = {}
il = input("请输入金额：")
salary = int(il)
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 3000},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 103},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 200000},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
]
for i in goods:
print(i["name"], i["price"])
#加车
while True:
shop = input("请输入商品名称:")
for item in goods:
if shop in item["name"]:
name = item["name"]
if name in shopping_cart.keys():
shopping_cart[name]["num"] = shopping_cart[name]["num"] + 1
else:
shopping_cart[name] = {"price": item["price"], "num":1}
stop = input("是否结账（Y/N）：")
if stop.upper() == "Y":
break
#计算总价
totel = 0
for i, j in shopping_cart.items():
signle_sum = j["price"] * j["num"]
totel = totel + signle_sum
if totel > salary:
print("穷逼")
else:
ling = salary - totel
print("购买成功！")
print("支付金额：%d,购买金额:%d,找回金额:%d" %(salary, totel, ling))
il = input("请输入金额：")
salary = int(il)
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 3000},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 103},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 200000},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
]
for i in goods:
print(i["name"], i["price"])
#加车
while True:
shop = input("请输入商品名称:")
for item in goods:
if shop in item["name"]:
name = item["name"]
if name in shopping_cart.keys():
shopping_cart[name]["num"] = shopping_cart[name]["num"] + 1
else:
shopping_cart[name] = {"price": item["price"], "num":1}
stop = input("是否结账（Y/N）：")
if stop.upper() == "Y":
break
#计算总价
totel = 0
for i, j in shopping_cart.items():
signle_sum = j["price"] * j["num"]
totel = totel + signle_sum
if totel > salary:
print("穷逼")
else:
ling = salary - totel
print("购买成功！")
print("支付金额：%d,购买金额:%d,找回金额:%d" %(salary, totel, ling))
#练习题4：购物车
print ("练习题4")
def daYinShangPinLieBiao(good):
"""打印商品列表
按照预设格式打印商品列表"""
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" )
for key, shangpin in enumerate(good, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (good[key]["name"]),"\t", good[key]["price"])
def daYinGouWuChe(gouwu):
"""打印购物车内容"""
heji = 0
# print (gouwu)
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" , "数量\t")
for key, shangpin in enumerate(gouwu, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (gouwu[key][0]),"\t", gouwu[key][1],"\t", gouwu[key][2])
heji += gouwu[key][1] * gouwu[key][2]
print ("合计：", heji, "元")
return heji
#商品购买
def shangPinGouMai(gouwu):
while True:
daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
print ("退出请直接回车")
xu_hao = (input("请选择购买商品序号: "))
if xu_hao == "":
return gouwu
shu_liang = (input ("请输入购买的数量: "))
gouwu +=[[goods[int(xu_hao)]["name"], goods[int(xu_hao)]["price"], int(shu_liang)]]
return gouwu
#结账及商品价格判断
def jieZhang():
heji = daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
global yong_hu_zong_zi_chan
if heji > yong_hu_zong_zi_chan:
print ("余额不足！")
print ("选择1进行充值")
print ("选择2移除部分商品")
num = input ("请输入选择（1或者2）: ")
if num == "1":
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = chongZhi(yong_hu_zong_zi_chan)
elif num == "2":
yuChuShangPin(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
else:
print ("商品购买成功")
#附加功能：充值
def chongZhi(zichan):
print ("您当前余额为：", zichan, "元")
num = int(input("请输入您的充值金额: "))
zichan += num
print ("您当前余额为： ", zichan)
return zichan
#某商品从购物车的移除
def yuChuShangPin(gouwu):
daYinGouWuChe(gouwu)
num = int(input ("请输入您需要移除的商品序号: "))
del gouwu[num]
jieZhang()
#商品预设列表
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
{"name": "玩具车", "price": 998},
]
#输入用户总资产
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = int(input("请输入用户初始总资产: "))
#购物车初始状态
gouWuChe = [
["示例", 200, 0],
]
heji = 0
# daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
shangPinGouMai(gouWuChe)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
print ("练习题4")
def daYinShangPinLieBiao(good):
"""打印商品列表
按照预设格式打印商品列表"""
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" )
for key, shangpin in enumerate(good, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (good[key]["name"]),"\t", good[key]["price"])
def daYinGouWuChe(gouwu):
"""打印购物车内容"""
heji = 0
# print (gouwu)
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" , "数量\t")
for key, shangpin in enumerate(gouwu, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (gouwu[key][0]),"\t", gouwu[key][1],"\t", gouwu[key][2])
heji += gouwu[key][1] * gouwu[key][2]
print ("合计：", heji, "元")
return heji
#商品购买
def shangPinGouMai(gouwu):
while True:
daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
print ("退出请直接回车")
xu_hao = (input("请选择购买商品序号: "))
if xu_hao == "":
return gouwu
shu_liang = (input ("请输入购买的数量: "))
gouwu +=[[goods[int(xu_hao)]["name"], goods[int(xu_hao)]["price"], int(shu_liang)]]
return gouwu
#结账及商品价格判断
def jieZhang():
heji = daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
global yong_hu_zong_zi_chan
if heji > yong_hu_zong_zi_chan:
print ("余额不足！")
print ("选择1进行充值")
print ("选择2移除部分商品")
num = input ("请输入选择（1或者2）: ")
if num == "1":
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = chongZhi(yong_hu_zong_zi_chan)
elif num == "2":
yuChuShangPin(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
else:
print ("商品购买成功")
#附加功能：充值
def chongZhi(zichan):
print ("您当前余额为：", zichan, "元")
num = int(input("请输入您的充值金额: "))
zichan += num
print ("您当前余额为： ", zichan)
return zichan
#某商品从购物车的移除
def yuChuShangPin(gouwu):
daYinGouWuChe(gouwu)
num = int(input ("请输入您需要移除的商品序号: "))
del gouwu[num]
jieZhang()
#商品预设列表
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
{"name": "玩具车", "price": 998},
]
#输入用户总资产
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = int(input("请输入用户初始总资产: "))
#购物车初始状态
gouWuChe = [
["示例", 200, 0],
]
heji = 0
# daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
shangPinGouMai(gouWuChe)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
第一题：
第二题：
第三题：
|
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9
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11
|
a
=
[
11
,
22
,
33
,
44
,
55
,
66
,
77
,
88
,
99
,
90
]
b
=
{
"key1"
:[],
"key2"
:[]
}
for
i
in
a:
if
i >
66
:
b[
"key1"
].append(i)
elif
i <
66
:
b[
"key2"
].append(i)
print
(b)
|
第二题：
|
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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22
23
24
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26
27
28
29
30
|
li
=
[
"alec"
,
" aric"
,
"Alex"
,
"Tony"
,
"rain"
]
tu
=
(
"alec"
,
" aric"
,
"Alex"
,
"Tony"
,
"rain"
)
dic
=
{
'k1'
:
"alex"
,
'k2'
:
' Aric'
,
"k3"
:
"Alex"
,
"k4"
:
"Tony"
}
for
a
in
range
(
len
(li)):
li[a]
=
li[a].replace(
" "
, "")
print
(li)
tu
=
list
(tu)
for
b
in
range
(
len
(tu)):
tu[b]
=
tu[b].replace(
" "
, "")
tu
=
tuple
(tu)
print
(tu)
for
c
in
dic:
dic[c]
=
dic[c].replace(
" "
, "")
print
(dic)
for
a1
in
li:
if
(a1.startswith(
"a"
)
or
a1.startswith(
"A"
))
and
a1.endswith(
"c"
):
print
(a1)
for
b1
in
tu:
if
(b1.startswith(
"a"
)
or
b1.startswith(
"A"
))
and
b1.endswith(
"c"
):
print
(b1)
for
c1
in
dic:
c2
=
dic[c1].strip()
if
(c2.startswith(
"a"
)
or
c2.startswith(
"A"
))
and
c2.endswith(
"c"
):
print
(c2)
|
第三题：
|
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2
3
4
5
6
|
a
=
[
"手机"
,
"电脑"
,
'鼠标垫'
,
'游艇'
]
for
i , a1
in
enumerate
(a,
1
):
print
(i , a1)
b
=
input
(
"请输入商品编号："
)
b1
=
int
(b)
print
(a[b1
-
1
])
|
第二题：
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
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到【灌水乐园】发言
