构建快速部署的python pip环境及pypi本地源环境

前言:

大家用pip安装模块有没有遇见过这样的情况:

161732587.jpg

对的,这就是抽风的timeout

昨天看到一个朋友慢腾腾给所有节点搞tornado,他的源是官方的源,官方的源时不时的会抽风,会慢的。所以我推荐他用国内的源,或者是连接我们自己搭建的源。

由此

我就跟大家扯一下如何构建快速的python 模块的环境 ~


其实国内很多大公司都有自己的pypi源的,只是好多都私有环境的

下面都是国内速度比较快的节点


指定pypi源的方法:


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pip install tornado -i http: //pypi.sdutlinux.org/simple


143728730.jpg



也可以是全局的模式


在unix和macos,配置文件为:$HOME/.pip/pip.conf

在windows上,配置文件为:%HOME%\pip\pip.ini


需要在配置文件内加上:


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[global]
index-url=http: //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/simple



以前我都是用豆瓣的源,现在豆瓣的源貌似有问题啦。。。哎,可惜啦

提示:


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Downloading/unpacking tornado
   Getting page http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/
   Could not fetch URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/: <urlopen error [Errno -2] Name or service not known>
   Will skip URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/ when looking for download links for tornado
   Getting page http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/
   Could not fetch URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/: <urlopen error [Errno -2] Name or service not known>
   Will skip URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/ when looking for download links for tornado
   Cannot fetch index base URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/
   URLs to search  for  versions  for  tornado:
   * http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/
   Getting page http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/
   Could not fetch URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/: <urlopen error [Errno -2] Name or service not known>
   Will skip URL http: //pipy.douban.com/simple/tornado/ when looking for download links for tornado
   Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement tornado



想用更多的源,到这里看看 www.pypi-mirrors.org


144458553.jpg


可以看到好多的节点的运行情况和速度。


我们的监控系统是python开发的,客户端当然也是python,时常需要大量的部署,最开始我们用的是反向代理做缓存,效果还是很不错的。

我们在用puppet批量部署监控客户端的时候,会让pip指定我们已经反向缓存的pypi的地址、版本库  


比如:


pip install -i https://10.2.20.66/qinghua


意思就是从清华那里搞到包。我想大家都应该熟悉缓存代理吧,大家自己加个location指定proxy_pass就行啦~


一个例子:

(我这里就不详细说明意思了,大家可以看看我写过的nginx反向代理的文章。。。)


install


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ulimit -SHn  65535
yum install pcre pcre-devel -y 安装pcre
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
wget http: //labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-1.4.tar.gz
tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge- 1.4 .tar.gz
wget http: //nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx- 1.0 . 11 .tar.gz
cd nginx- 1.0 . 11 /
./configure --user=www --group=www --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge- 1.4  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx -- with -http_stub_status_module -- with -http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../


关键配置


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proxy_cache_path  / var /lib/nginx/cache/ levels= 1 : 1 : 2  inactive=24000h keys_zone=cache:100m;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
server {
         listen    8000  default ;
         server_name  localhost;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
         access_log  / var /log/nginx/localhost.access.log;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
         #中间省略部分默认配置
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
         location /guanfang {
                 proxy_pass http: //pypi.python.org/simple;
         proxy_cache cache;
         proxy_cache_valid  any 2400h;
         }
         location /douban {
             proxy_pass http: //pipy.douban.com/simple;
             proxy_cache cache;
             proxy_cache_valid  any 24000h;
             proxy_redirect off;
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_cache cache_one;
             proxy_cache_valid  200  302  1h;
             proxy_cache_valid  301  1d;
             expires 30d;
     }
     location /taiwan {
             proxy_pass http: //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/simple;
             proxy_cache cache;
             proxy_cache_valid  any 24000h;
             proxy_redirect off;
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_cache cache_one;
             proxy_cache_valid  200  302  1h;
             proxy_cache_valid  301  1d;
             expires 30d;
         }
     location /jiaoyu {
             proxy_pass http: //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/simple;
             proxy_cache cache;
             proxy_cache_valid  any 24000h;
             proxy_redirect off;
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
             proxy_cache cache_one;
             proxy_cache_valid  200  302  1h;
             proxy_cache_valid  301  1d;
             expires 30d;
         }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
}


我们讲了用国内国外的pypi节点来快速部署你的环境,来说下,我们线上的部署方法:

个人觉得这个适用于需要大批量部署,又有模块定制,而有些节点不能联外网情况下适用。

要是大家的环境不大,推荐用 -i 的方式。 毕竟搭建私有pypi服务是很折腾的事~


安装pypimirror

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pip install z3c.pypimirror


要是安装不上的话,可以用官方的方式:



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$ git clone https: //github.com/macagua/macagua.buildout.pypimirror.git
$ virtualenv .
$ source ./bin/activate
$ python bootstrap.py
$ ./bin/buildout -vvvN
$ deactivate




安装完毕就要填写配置文件,需要填写的参数主要有:

mirror_file_path 下载的包的存放路径

base_url 服务器地址,这个注意要和Apache上的一致!

create_indexes 布尔类型,用来在下载的每个包目录下创建索引

package_matches 这个是用户自定义的,PyPI包无数,使用正则表达式有选择地下载,要不然硬盘要爆了

lock_file_name 设置运行时锁状态文件存放位置

log_filename 设置日志文件存放位置


生成配置索引

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pypimirror -c -v -I pypimirror.cfg


这里很慢的,就算你用国内的源,也会让你气的抽风,骂的吐血~


021103810.jpg

我是在公司线上机房做的测试,居然还是同步出问题,想看看抽风不?

021519688.jpg


也可以修改配置文件


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DEFAULT]
# the root folder of all mirrored packages.
if  necessary it will be created  for  you
mirror_file_path = /home/pypimirror/paquetes
# where's your mirror on the net?
base_url = http: //pypi.python.jp/
# lock file to avoid duplicate runs of the mirror script
lock_file_name = /home/pypimirror/pypi-poll-access.lock
# Pattern  for  package  files, only those matching will be mirrored
filename_matches =
     *.zip
     *.tgz
     *.egg
     *.tar.gz
     *.tar.bz2
# Pattern  for  package  names; only packages having matching names will
# be mirrored
package_matches =
#   zope.*
#   plone.*
#   Products.*
#   collective.*
    *.*
# remove packages not on pypi (or externals) anymore
cleanup = True
# create index.html files
create_indexes = True
# be more verbose
verbose = True
# resolve download_url links on pypi which point to files and download
# the files from there ( if  they match filename_matches).
# The filename and filesize (from the download header) are used
# to find out  if  the file  is  already on the mirror. Not all servers
# support the content-length header, so be prepared to download
# a lot of data on  each  mirror update.
# This  is  highly experimental and shouldn't be used right now.
#
# NOTE: This option should only be  set  to True  if  package_matches  is  not
set  to  '*'  - otherwise you will mirror a huge amount of data. BE CAREFUL
# using  this  option!!!
external_links = False
# similar to  'external_links'  but also follows an index page  if  no
# download links are available on the referenced download_url page
# of a given  package .
#
# NOTE: This option should only be  set  to True  if  package_matches  is  not
set  to  '*'  - otherwise you will mirror a huge amount of data. BE CAREFUL
# using  this  option!!!
follow_external_index_pages = False
# logfile
log_filename = /home/pypimirror/pypimirror.log



更新

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pypimirror -c -v -i -U pypimirror.cfg


参数说明:

-i 创建索引

-U 更新镜像。



假设前面设置的下载文件存放路径为/data/pypi/files,下面把它链接到/var/www/目录下:

ln -s /data/pypi/files /var/www/pypi

重启Apache,访问http://xiaorui.cc/pypi/ 应该就可以了。这是最简单的配置,这时的base_url就是 http://xiaorui.cc/pypi/ 。


让他定期更新下

003618269.jpg


安装pypimirror遇到的问题:


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Traceback (most recent call last):  File  "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/bottle.py" , line  764 in  _handle     return  route.call(**args)  File  "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/bottle.py" , line  1575 in  wrapper    rv = callback(*a, **ka)  File  "hydenMain.py" , line  39 in  static     return  static_file(filename, root= '{}/static' .format( '.' ))ValueError: zero length field name  in  format


大家把python升级到2.7就行了

004625758.jpg


需要说明的是,本地的pypi安装的时候,会出现各种各样的问题,请大家都尝试和搜下问题所在。 我们可以把问题都统计下来,好让也遇到这样的问题的人,能更好的定位和解决问题。



 本文转自 rfyiamcool 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/rfyiamcool/1290456,如需转载请自行联系原作者



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