一  　lighttpd 简介 

Lighttpd 是一个德国人领导的开源Web服务器软件，其根本的目的是提供一个专门针对高性能网站，安全、快速、兼容性好并且灵活的web server环境。具有非常低的内存开销，cpu占用率低，效能好，以及丰富的模块等特点。

 
 
二 下载lighttpd,并编译安装lighttpd
     wget http://lighttpd-improved.googlecode.com/files/lighttpd-1.4.26.modcache.v.1.8.3-2.tar.gz
     #tar  xf  lighttpd-1.4.26.modcache.v.1.8.3-2.tar.gz
     #cd   lighttpd-1.4.26
     # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd --with-zlib --with-bzip2 --with-memcache
     #make && make install
     #cd  doc
     #cp   rc.lighttpd.redhat    /etc/init.d/lighttpd
     #cp sysconfig.lighttpd  /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd
     #vim /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd  
      修改如下
       LIGHTTPD_CONF_PATH=/usr/local/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf
     #
     #chmod 700   /etc/init.d/lighttpd
     #vim 修改如下选项
       config: /usr/local/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf
       config: /etc/sysconfig/lighttpd
       pidfile: /var/run/lighttpd.pid
       LIGHTTPD_CONF_PATH="/usr/local/lighttpd/conf/lighttpd.conf"
       lighttpd="/usr/local/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd"
 
     #mkdir /usr/local/lighttpd/{cache,logs,conf,htdocs}
     #cp  lighttpd.conf /usr/local/lighttpd/conf
 
三 配置详解
  #cd  /usr/local/lighttpd/conf
  # cat lighttpd.conf
  # lighttpd configuration file
  #
  # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above
  #
  # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $
  ############ Options you really have to take care of ####################  
  ## modules to load
  # at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded
  # all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary
  # - saves some time
  # - saves memory
  #lighttpd 加载的模块
  server.modules              = (
                                "mod_rewrite",
                                "mod_redirect",
                                "mod_access",
                                "mod_expire",
                                "mod_mem_compress",
                                "mod_compress",                         
                                "mod_mem_cache",
                                "mod_cache",
                                "mod_dirlisting",
                                "mod_status",,
                                "mod_fastcgi",
                                "mod_proxy",                         
                                "mod_usertrack",
                                "mod_accesslog" )
 
  ## a static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the
  ## server.virtual-* options
  server.document-root        = "/usr/local/lighttpd/htdocs/"  
  ## where to send error-messages to
  server.errorlog             = "/usr/local/lighttpd/logs/error.log"    
  # files to check for if .../ is requested
  index-file.names            = ( "index.php", "index.html",
                                "index.htm", "default.htm" )
  ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual)
  # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X  
  # mimetype mapping
  mimetype.assign             = (
    ".pdf"          =>      "application/pdf",
  #  ".sig"          =>      "application/pgp-signature",
  #  ".spl"          =>      "application/futuresplash",
  #  ".class"        =>      "application/octet-stream",
  #  ".ps"           =>      "application/postscript",
  #  ".torrent"      =>      "application/x-bittorrent",
  #  ".dvi"          =>      "application/x-dvi",
  #  ".gz"           =>      "application/x-gzip",
  #  ".pac"          =>      "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
    ".swf"          =>      "application/x-shockwave-flash",
  #  ".tar.gz"       =>      "application/x-tgz",
  #  ".tgz"          =>      "application/x-tgz",
  #  ".tar"          =>      "application/x-tar",
  #  ".zip"          =>      "application/zip",
  #  ".mp3"          =>      "audio/mpeg",
  #  ".m3u"          =>      "audio/x-mpegurl",
  #  ".wma"          =>      "audio/x-ms-wma",
  #  ".wax"          =>      "audio/x-ms-wax",
  #  ".ogg"          =>      "application/ogg",
  #  ".wav"          =>      "audio/x-wav",
     ".gif"          =>      "p_w_picpath/gif",
  #  ".jar"          =>      "application/x-java-archive",
     ".jpg"          =>      "p_w_picpath/jpeg",
     ".jpeg"         =>      "p_w_picpath/jpeg",
     ".png"          =>      "p_w_picpath/png",
  #  ".xbm"          =>      "p_w_picpath/x-xbitmap",
  #  ".xpm"          =>      "p_w_picpath/x-xpixmap",
  #  ".xwd"          =>      "p_w_picpath/x-xwindowdump",
     ".css"          =>      "text/css",
     ".html"         =>      "text/html",
     ".htm"          =>      "text/html",
     ".js"           =>      "text/javascript",
  #  ".asc"          =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".c"            =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".cpp"          =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".log"          =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".conf"         =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".text"         =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".txt"          =>      "text/plain",
  #  ".dtd"          =>      "text/xml",
     ".xml"          =>      "text/xml",
  #  ".mpeg"         =>      "video/mpeg",
  #  ".mpg"          =>      "video/mpeg",
  #  ".mov"          =>      "video/quicktime",
  #  ".qt"           =>      "video/quicktime",
  #  ".avi"          =>      "video/x-msvideo",
  #  ".asf"          =>      "video/x-ms-asf",
  #  ".asx"          =>      "video/x-ms-asf",
  #  ".wmv"          =>      "video/x-ms-wmv",
  #  ".bz2"          =>      "application/x-bzip",
  #  ".tbz"          =>      "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
  #  ".tar.bz2"      =>      "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
  # default mime type
  #  ""              =>      "application/octet-stream",
  )  
  # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible
  #mimetype.use-xattr        = "enable"
 
  ## send a different Server: header
  ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd
  # server.tag                 = "lighttpd"
  #### accesslog module
  #accesslog.filename          = "/usr/local/lighttpd/log/access.log"
  #设置日志切割，当然需要安装cronlog 工具
  accesslog.filename = "|/usr/local/cronolog/sbin/cronolog    /usr/local/lighttpd/logs/%w/access.log"
  ## deny access the file-extensions
  #
  # ~    is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ...
  # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part
  #      of the document-root
  url.access-deny             = ( "~", ".inc" )
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" {
    server.range-requests = "disable"
  }
  ##
  # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer
  #
  # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi
   static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" )
  ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed #######
   ## bind to port (default: 80)
  #server.port                = 81
  ## bind to localhost (default: all interfaces)
  #server.bind                = "127.0.0.1"  
  ## virtual directory listings 关闭目录浏览
  dir-listing.activate       = "disable"
  #或者  server.dir-listing = "disable"
 
  ## select encoding for directory listings 设置字符编码
   dir-listing.encoding        = "utf-8"

   #### compress module 压缩模块的设置
   #压缩cache 存储路径
   compress.cache-dir         = "/usr/local/lighttpd/cache/"
   #压缩 文件类型
   compress.filetype          = ("text/html;charset=utf-8","text/plain;charset=utf-8","text/css", "text/javascript", "text/xml","application/x-java-archive")

  #### status module 设置查看lighttpd 状态
  #设置允许查看lighttpd 状态的主机
  $HTTP["remoteip"] == "192.168.1.0/24" {
  status.status-url = "/server-status"
  status.config-url = "/server-config"
  status.statistics-url = "/cache-status"
  }  
  #### expire module
  #expire.url                 = ( "/buggy/" => "access 2 hours", "/asdhas/" => "access plus 1 seconds 2 minutes")
 
   #设置文件类型，在浏览器中缓存的时间
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(jpg|gif|bmp|jpeg)$" {
       expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes")
  }
 
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(html|htm|shtml)$" {
      expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes")
  }
 
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(png)$" {
      expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes")
   }
 
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(css|js|xml)$" {
     expire.url = ( "" => "access 5 minutes")
  }
 
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.(ico)$" {
       expire.url = ( "" => "access 262800 minutes")
  }
 
  #memcache for static web page server  设置 开启cache 
  cache.support-queries = "enable" #ignore '?' in url
  cache.dynamic-mode = "enable"
  #设置cache 存储的路径
   cache.bases = ("/usr/local/lighttpd/cache") #write cached files in      /usr/local/lighttpd/cache directory
   #设置不同的文件类型的cache 刷新的时间
   cache.refresh-pattern = (
  #         "\.(?i)(flv)$" => "0 fetchall-for-range-request flv-streaming", # to   work with mod_flv_streaming for flv files
        "\.(?i)(js|css|xml)$" => "10080", # update js/css/xml every 1 week and on refresh requests
        "\.(?i)(htm|html|shtml)$" => "5", # update html/htm/shtml every 5 minutes and on refresh requests
        "\.(?i)(jpg|bmp|jpeg|gif|png)$" => "10080", # update graphics files every 1 week
  #        "\.(?i)(png)$" => "5", #update png every 5 minutes and on refresh requests
        "\.(?i)(ico)$" => "262800", #update ico every 6 months and on refresh requests
  #        "\.(?i)(rar|zip|wmv|avi|mp3|ape|rm|mpeg|mpg|wma|asf|rmvb|flv)$" => "0 fetchall-for-range-request", # cache media file forever
   #        "." => "30 update-on-refresh" # default to update every 30 minutes and on refresh requests
)
 
  #purge cache  设置允许清除cache  的主机
  cache.purge-host = "192.168.1.0/24"
 
   #it's important to enable proxy.worked-with-mod-cache or mod_proxy will not   cooperate with modcache
   #enable or disable mod_mem_cache  设置 开启基于mod_mem_cache 模块
   mem-cache.enable = "enable"
 
   #content-type arrays which want to put into memory 设置允许在mem_cache 存储的类型
   mem-cache.filetypes = ("application/x-javascript","p_w_picpath/gif","p_w_picpath/jpg","p_w_picpath/jpeg","p_w_picpath/png","text/css","text/html","text/javascript","text/plain")
 
   #maxium memory in Mbytes mod_mem_cache can use 设置mem-cache  允许使用的最大内存
   mem-cache.max-memory = "1024"
 
   #maxium file size in Kbytes of single file to cache in memory  设置在内存中存储的最大文件大小
   mem-cache.max-file-size = "1024"
 
   #number of cached memory items to remove when used memory reached maxmemory by LRU algorthim #设置当使用的内存达到最大值时，通过LRU 算法删除的内存cache 的大小
   mem-cache.lru-remove-count = "500"
 
   #memory cache`s expire time in minutes.Default: 0 (means to check file update for every request) 设置memory cache 的过期时间
   mem-cache.expire-time = "1440"
 
   #adjusts slru threshold (against hit counter)
   mem-cache.slru-thresold = "0"
 
     #stat() 这样的系统调用，开销也是相当明显的。缓存能够节约时间和环境切换次数(context switches)，此项有三个选项：fam、simple(缓存1秒内的stat())和disabled。一般我们较多使用前两项
   server.stat-cache-engine = "simple"
 
   #usertrack.cookie-domain
   #usertrack.cookie-domain = ".example.com"
 
   #sets the maximum duration in seconds of the cookie.if not specified it will not add a 'max-age' to the cookie,meaning it will not expire
#usertrack.cookie-max-age = "60"
 
   #this option allows the setting of the name of the cookie.the default is 'TRACKID'.currently it only allow a-z
   #usertrack.cookie-name = "trackid"
 
   # set lighttpd open file num 设置允许的最大文件描述符个数。lighttpd是单线程的服务器，其最大的资源限制就是文件描述符的数量，默认为1024。对于高负荷的站点，需要增加该值，对于较为繁忙的服务器设置为2048较好。修改该设置需要root权限。
   server.max-fds = "65535"
 
   #设置lighttpd 最大连接数
   #Provides fine tuning for request handling.max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3).As in, if you want to support 2048 concurrent connections, 
you may also want to set server.max-fds = 4096 (or 6144).Why more file handles than connections? The other file handles are used for fastcgi and/or files.
   server.max-connections = "32767"
 
   #http Keep-Alive 一般来说，一个系统能够打开的文件个数是有限制的(文件描述符限制)。常连接占用文件描述符，对非并发的访问没有什么意义
默认情况下lighttpd 做多可以同时承受30 s的长连接，每个连接最多请求128 个文件
   #server.max-keep-alive-requests = 128
   #server.max-keep-alive-idle =30
   #the maximum of keep alive requests enable or disable 
   server.max-keep-alive-requests = "1000"  #"0" represent disable
 
   #sets the linux system support for transaction processing,Lighttpd 
   #大量使用了 sendfile() 这样一个高效的系统调用。减少了从应用程序到网卡间的距离。(同时也减少了Lighttpd对cpu的占用，这部分占用转嫁到内核身上了)
   server.event-handler = "linux-sysepoll"
 
   #such a highly active system call which a lot of sendfile() used by      lighttpd,reduce the distance from application to ethernet
   server.network-backend = "linux-sendfile"
   #禁止etags 功能
   static-file.etags = "disable"
   #配置lighttpd 多进程，一般和CPU 个数相同
   server.max-worker=4
 
    注：
       官方lighttpd 优化方案:http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_Performance
                          http://www.unixvip.com/app/lighttpd/616.html