今天做实验的时候偶然碰见这么一种情况,
OSPF
的网络类型不一致可以形成邻居关系,但是不能学习路由。联想到
ISIS
,如果他们的网络类型不一致的话,那么会发送不同类型的
hello
报文,这样邻居关系是无法建立起来的。这到是跟
OSPF
各有千秋了,原来一直以为
ISIS
的邻居建立很大条的,
hello
时间间隔死亡时间间隔不一致也可以建立,开启区域认证的时候,就算区域认证不通过邻居关系一样可以建立,相对来说
OSPF
就严格很多了,但是不行今天也发现了一个
OSPF
大条的地方。呵呵
拓扑如下,很简单。
R1
与
R2
拿以太口相连,然后各开一个
loop
口宣告进骨干区域。然后试着去修改以太口的网络类型,看看会有什么样的影响。
默认情况下的以太口的链路类型是广播,网络类型也是广播。
R1#sh ip os in fa0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 10.1.1.2
Backup Designated router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.1.1.1
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
看看邻居关系建立的怎么样?
R1#sh ip os neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 10.1.1.2 FastEthernet0/0
正常建立并选举
R2
为
DR
。因为广播型网络是要选举
DR
的。
看看路由表
R1#sh ip rou os
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.0 [110/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:01:54, FastEthernet0/0
R2#sh ip rou os
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 1.1.1.0 [110/2] via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:12, FastEthernet0/0
都学习到了。
下面,我们把
R1
的
fa0/0
接口的网络类型修改为点到点
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#in
*Mar 1 00:37:59.815: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1(config)#in fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip os net p
R1(config-if)#ip os net point-to-p
R1(config-if)#ip os net point-to-point
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:38:05.975: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 1 00:38:06.043: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
中间邻居有一个重建的过程,,但是速度很快。
接着后面查看邻居表
R1(config-if)#do sh ip os nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:38 10.1.1.2 FastEthernet0/0
也是正常邻接关系。
看看
R2
的邻居表。
R2#sh ip os neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 10.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0
上下比较可以发现一点不同的地方。
R1
的邻居表中没有
DR
或者
BDR
的条目,优先级也是
0
,
R2
却有。这个不难理解,因为我们把
R1
的
fa0/0
接口修改成了点到点了,所以不会选举
DR
。
邻居关系没有问题,再来看看路由表。
R1#sh ip rou os
R1#
R2#sh ip rou os
R2#
都是空的。没有学到对方的网段。
看看数据库里面的信息。
R1#sh ip os database
OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 10)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 7 0x80000002 0x00FBE8 3
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 7 0x80000002 0x00638B 2
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 8 0x80000001 0x002CEB
R2#sh ip os database
OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 10)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 37 0x80000001 0x00CF3A 2
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 2 0x80000002 0x00638B 2
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 2 0x80000001 0x002CEB
数据库里面有
1.1.1.1/24
和
2.2.2.0/24
网段的信息,但是就是没有装进路由表。
再来看看详细的信息。
R1#sh ip os da router
OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 10)
Router Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 172
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 1.1.1.1
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000002
Checksum: 0xFBE8
Length: 60
Number of Links: 3
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 2.2.2.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.1.1
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.1.1.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 1.1.1.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
Adv Router is not-reachable
LS age: 174
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 2.2.2.2
Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000002
Checksum: 0x638B
Length: 48
Number of Links: 2
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 2.2.2.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
Link connected to: a Transit Network
(Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.1.1.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.1.2
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
注意上面的一行字:
Adv Router is not-reachable
,邻居不可达!
看来这才是导致无法不把数据库中的条目装进路由里的原因了。
以后要记住了:网络类型需要一致。在
NBMA
网络环境下运行
ISIS
中,接口的链路类型不一致会也会导致邻居关系无法正常建立的。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/edges/324188