SpringMVC源码解析(四)——请求处理

前言

    这一篇,将着手介绍一次请求的处理。用到了 HandlerMappingHandlerAdapter 知识,如果遇到不是太了解,可以回顾下。

 

源码分析

    其实 DispatcherServlet 也只是 Servlet 的一个实现,只不过它集成了 SpringMVC 的几个功能组件(例如视图解析器),对请求及响应进行加工处理,所以探索一个 Servlet 实现,先从它的 service 方法实现开始,来看下 javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet 的实现。

public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest request;
        HttpServletResponse response;

        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        // 向下转型
        service(request, response);
    }

    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String method = req.getMethod();

        // 根据请求方式调用不同的 doXxx方法
        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            // 固定返回-1,说明缓存机制交由子类扩展
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                /**
                 * 缓存机制:首次请求后添加 “Last-Modefied” 的响应头,
                 * 第二次请求发送请求头 If-Modified-Since
                 * 如果服务端内容没有变化,则自动返回 304状态码
                 */
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    ifModifiedSince = -1;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req, resp);
        } else {
            // 对于不支持请求方式,通过响应流输出错误
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }
}

    可以看到 service 就是做了向下转型,调用了 service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)。然后在里面根据请求方式,调用不同的 doXxx 方法。以上属于 servlet-api 自身的实现,接下来看看 SpringMVC 如何在此基础上改造。

// HttpServletBean是 HttpServlet子类
public abstract class FrameworkServlet extends HttpServletBean implements ApplicationContextAware {

    // 覆盖 service方法
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
        // 支持 Patch请求或没有指定请求方法
        if (httpMethod == HttpMethod.PATCH || httpMethod == null) {
            // 不管什么请求,都会调用公共的处理方法
            processRequest(request, response);
        } else {
            super.service(request, response);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    protected final void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }

    protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 请求开始时间,用于计算请求耗时
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Throwable failureCause = null;

        LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();

        // 通过"accept-language"请求头构造 LocaleContext
        LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
        // 获取当前线程请求的 RequestAttributes
        RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = 
                             buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
        // 异步请求管理器
        WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
        asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(
                        FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());

        // 将 LocaleContext、ServletRequestAttributes与当前线程绑定
        initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);

        try {
            // 该类定义的抽象方法,子类 DispatcherServlet实现
            doService(request, response);
        }
		.....// 省略 catch处理

		finally{
            resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
            if (requestAttributes != null) {
                requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
            }

			.....// 省略日志

            publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
        }
    }

    // 发布 ServletRequestHandledEvent事件
    private void publishRequestHandledEvent( HttpServletRequest request, 
                     HttpServletResponse response, long startTime, Throwable failureCause) {
        // 默认为 true
        if (this.publishEvents) {
            // 请求耗时
            long processingTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
            // 响应码
            int statusCode = (responseGetStatusAvailable ? response.getStatus() : -1);
           
            // 封装了 请求的 url、remoteAddr、请求方式、sessionId、处理时间、响应码等信息
            this.webApplicationContext.publishEvent(
                    new ServletRequestHandledEvent(this,
                            request.getRequestURI(), request.getRemoteAddr(),
                            request.getMethod(), getServletConfig().getServletName(),
                            WebUtils.getSessionId(request), getUsernameForRequest(request),
                            processingTime, failureCause, statusCode));
        }
    }
}

    除了支持 servlet 自身支持的 7 种请求外,另外支持了 PATCH 方式请求。这里只是列举了 doGet、doPost,其实最终都调用了 processRequest 方法。

    processRequest 方法通过调用 doService 来处理请求,在处理结束后发布了 ServletRequestHandledEvent 事件,可以自定义 ApplicationListener 来监听此事件。

 

doService

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		.....// 省略日志

        // 如果 attributes含有 “javax.servlet.include.request_uri”,保留属性的快照
        // 用于支持 <jsp:incluede>
        Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
        if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
            attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
            // 获取属性枚举
            Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
            while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
                String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
                if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
                    // 将属性压入map中
                    attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
                }
            }
        }

        // 设置上下文、解析器等属性
        request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
        request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
        request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
        request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());

        // 取出上一个请求的 FlashMap并给赋值给当前请求
        FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
        if (inputFlashMap != null) {
            request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE,
                                       Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
        }
        request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
        request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);

        try {
            // 关注此方法
            doDispatch(request, response);
        } finally {
            if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                // 还原属性快照
                if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
                    restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

    DispatcherServlet 来进行主要的处理实现。doService 进行一些属性的设置之后,调用 doDispatch 方法进行处理

 

doDispatch

    protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
        HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
        boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

        WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

        try {
            ModelAndView mv = null;
            Exception dispatchException = null;

            try {
                /**
                 * 调用我们配置的 MultipartResolver判断是否需要处理,如果没配置不会处理
                 * 以 CommonsMultipartResolver为例
                 * 检测 contentType是否为 multipart/form-data且必须是 POST请求
                 */
                processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);

                // 如果满足上述条件,会包装成 DefaultMultipartHttpServletRequest
                // 所以 multipartRequestParsed 为 true
                multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

                // 根据 request找到对应的 Handler
                mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
                if (mappedHandler == null) {
                    // 没找到 Handler,通过response响应 404错误信息
                    noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                    return;
                }

                // 根据 Handler找到对应的适配器
                HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

                // 对 last-modified 头支持:只有 Get 和 Head请求支持
                String method = request.getMethod();
                boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
                if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
                    long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                    ....// 省略日志

                    // 对于缓存逻辑的判断,见 ServletWebRequest.checkNotModified
                    if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).
                                        checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                        // 满足条件直接返回
                        return;
                    }
                }

                // 调用拦截器的 preHandle,返回true才能通过
                if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                    return;
                }

                // 调用 HandlerAdapter.handle返回处理后的 ModelAndView
                mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

                if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                    return;
                }
                // 如果没有 ModelAndView返回,则根据请求默认给出一个视图名称
                applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);

                // 调用拦截器的 postHandle
                mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                dispatchException = ex;
            } catch (Throwable err) {
                dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
            }

            // 视图处理(包含异常视图),最后会调用拦截器的 triggerAfterCompletion
            processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            // 调用拦截器的 triggerAfterCompletion
            triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
        } catch (Throwable err) {
            // 调用拦截器的 triggerAfterCompletion
            triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
                    new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
        } finally {
            if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                if (mappedHandler != null) {
                    // 调用 AsyncHandlerInterceptor.afterConcurrentHandlingStarted
                    // 用于在异步请求处理开始之后回调
                    mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
                }
            } else {
                // 如果是文件上传请求,需要清理资源
                if (multipartRequestParsed) {
                    cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    通过层层的调用,终于来到了 doDispatch ,这个方法大致能够看到请求的处理步骤概览:

  • 首先判断是否为文件上传的请求:和普通的请求不一样,这种请求需要在请求结束后清理文件解析过程中创建的 MultipartFile (可能会在磁盘上保留有临时数据);
  • 获取 Handler :从 HandlerMapping初始化建立的映射关系中找出;
  • 拦截器 HandlerInterceptor.preHandle 调用;
  • HandlerAdapter 适配:从 HandlerAdapter 初始化注册的所有适配器中,找到支持对应 Handler 的适配器,调用 handle 方法处理(见 HandlerAdapter
  • 拦截器 HandlerInterceptor.postHandle 调用;
  • 调用 processDispatchResult 进行视图处理
  • 拦截器 HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion 调用(异常同样会触发,并且会作为参数传入)

    接下来我们来看几个主要步骤的解析。

 

getHandler

    @Nullable
    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
            // 遍历所有注册的 HandlerMapping
            for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
                ....// 省略日志

                // 找到匹配的HandlerExecutionChain(不为null)
                HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
                if (handler != null) {
                    return handler;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    调用 HandlerMapping.getHandler 获取请求对应的 Handler。来看实现:

public abstract class AbstractHandlerMapping extends WebApplicationObjectSupport implements HandlerMapping, Ordered {

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {

        // 根据 request获取对应的 Handler(子类实现)
        Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);

        // 如果没有找到对应 Handler,使用默认Handler
        if (handler == null) {
            handler = getDefaultHandler();
        }

        // 如果默认的 Handler没有,则返回 null
        if (handler == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // Handler为 String类型,说明是beanName,调用 getBean获取
        if (handler instanceof String) {
            String handlerName = (String) handler;
            handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
        }

        // 执行链构造:Handler和拦截器
        HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);

        // 判断跨域请求:是否带有“Origin”请求头
        if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
            // 全局跨域配置
            CorsConfiguration globalConfig = 
                             this.globalCorsConfigSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
            // 单个 Handler配置(注解 @CrossOrigin其实就是对单个 Handler的配置)
            CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
            // 配置合并
            CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? 
                                  globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
            // 添加 CorsInterceptor拦截器(使用合并后的配置)
            executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
        }
        return executionChain;
    }
   
    // 执行链构造
    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, 
                                                               HttpServletRequest request) {
        HandlerExecutionChain chain = (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain ?
                (HandlerExecutionChain) handler : new HandlerExecutionChain(handler));

        String lookupPath = this.urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request);
        // 遍历 List<HandlerInterceptor>
        for (HandlerInterceptor interceptor : this.adaptedInterceptors) {
            if (interceptor instanceof MappedInterceptor) {
                MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor = (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;
                if (mappedInterceptor.matches(lookupPath, this.pathMatcher)) {
                    // 将匹配的 MappedInterceptor加入处理链
                    chain.addInterceptor(mappedInterceptor.getInterceptor());
                }
            } else {
                // 其他的直接加入
                chain.addInterceptor(interceptor);
            }
        }
        return chain;
    }

    // 跨域拦截器加入
    protected HandlerExecutionChain getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(HttpServletRequest request,
                                          HandlerExecutionChain chain, CorsConfiguration config) {

        // 条件:带有“Origin”、“Access-Control-Request-Method”请求头的 options请求
        if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
            HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = chain.getInterceptors();
            // 使用 PreFlightHandler替代原本的 Handler处理请求
            chain = new HandlerExecutionChain(new PreFlightHandler(config), interceptors);
        } else {
            // 添加 CorsInterceptor拦截器(拦截器末尾)
            chain.addInterceptor(new CorsInterceptor(config));
        }
        return chain;
    }
}

    抽象父类 AbstractHandlerMapping 实现了 执行链的构造 以及 “跨域”相关处理(拦截器),查找 Handler 的逻辑交由子类实现(getHandlerInternal)。回想一下 HandlerMapping 注册 Handler 的逻辑分为了两个分支 AbstractUrlHandlerMapping 和 AbstractHandlerMethodMapping (见 HandlerMapping 初始化),因此查找逻辑也随注册逻辑不同而不同。

 

AbstractUrlHandlerMapping 分支
public abstract class AbstractUrlHandlerMapping extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements MatchableHandlerMapping {

    @Override
    protected Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        // 这一步我们会取到截取后的请求相对地址
        String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);

        // 根据相对地址找到对应的 Handler
        Object handler = lookupHandler(lookupPath, request);
        if (handler == null) {
            // 没有的话,依次查询根 Handler、默认 Handler
            Object rawHandler = null;
            if ("/".equals(lookupPath)) {
                rawHandler = getRootHandler();
            }
            if (rawHandler == null) {
                rawHandler = getDefaultHandler();
            }
            if (rawHandler != null) {
                // 如果 Handler是 beanName,调用 getBean获取
                if (rawHandler instanceof String) {
                    String handlerName = (String) rawHandler;
                    rawHandler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
                }

                // 校验:由 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping实现
                // 看请求是否满足 @RequestMapping指定的 method、param、header
                validateHandler(rawHandler, request);

                // 使用 Handler创建执行链,链头添加 PathExposingHandlerInterceptor拦截器
                handler = buildPathExposingHandler(rawHandler, lookupPath, lookupPath, null);
            }
        }
        
		....// 省略日志

        return handler;
    }

    protected Object lookupHandler(String urlPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        // 从映射关系中找出请求对应的 Handler(直接路径)
        // 映射关系的初始化见 HandlerMapping初始化
        Object handler = this.handlerMap.get(urlPath);
        if (handler != null) {
            // beanName以及 Handler校验,上面讲过了
            if (handler instanceof String) {
                String handlerName = (String) handler;
                handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
            }
            validateHandler(handler, request);
            // 构造执行链
            return buildPathExposingHandler(handler, urlPath, urlPath, null);
        }

        // 直接路径中未找到,使用通配符匹配
        List<String> matchingPatterns = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (String registeredPattern : this.handlerMap.keySet()) {
            if (getPathMatcher().match(registeredPattern, urlPath)) {
                matchingPatterns.add(registeredPattern);
            } else if (useTrailingSlashMatch()) {
                if (!registeredPattern.endsWith("/") && 
                             getPathMatcher().match(registeredPattern + "/", urlPath)) {
                    matchingPatterns.add(registeredPattern + "/");
                }
            }
        }

        String bestMatch = null;
        // 使用模式匹配后,查找最匹配的 Handler
        Comparator<String> patternComparator = getPathMatcher().getPatternComparator(urlPath);
        if (!matchingPatterns.isEmpty()) {
            Collections.sort(matchingPatterns, patternComparator);
            ....// 省略日志
            bestMatch = matchingPatterns.get(0);
        }
        if (bestMatch != null) {
            handler = this.handlerMap.get(bestMatch);
            if (handler == null) {
                if (bestMatch.endsWith("/")) {
                    handler = this.handlerMap.get(bestMatch.substring(0, bestMatch.length() - 1));
                }
                if (handler == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                            "Could not find handler for best pattern match [" + bestMatch + "]");
                }
            }
            // beanName以及 Handler校验,上面讲过了
            if (handler instanceof String) {
                String handlerName = (String) handler;
                handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
            }
            validateHandler(handler, request);

            String pathWithinMapping = getPathMatcher().extractPathWithinPattern(bestMatch, urlPath);
            // 可能存在多个“最佳模式”,让我们确保所有这些模式都有正确的URI模板变量
            Map<String, String> uriTemplateVariables = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
            for (String matchingPattern : matchingPatterns) {
                if (patternComparator.compare(bestMatch, matchingPattern) == 0) {
                    Map<String, String> vars = getPathMatcher().extractUriTemplateVariables(matchingPattern, urlPath);
                    Map<String, String> decodedVars = getUrlPathHelper().decodePathVariables(request, vars);
                    uriTemplateVariables.putAll(decodedVars);
                }
            }
            ....// 省略日志

            // 构造执行链
            return buildPathExposingHandler(handler, bestMatch, pathWithinMapping, uriTemplateVariables);
        }

        // 没有匹配的 Handler返回 null
        return null;
    }
}

    首先调用 UrlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest 获取请求的相对路径。以 Tomcat 举例,配置的 <Context path="xxx"> 项目根路径,那么对应的 web 应用所有的请求,都要添加 “xxx” 前缀,但我们的应用对此是无感知的,所以框架层面要把这些截取后,再去查找 Handler。来看下截取逻辑:

public class UrlPathHelper {

    public String getLookupPathForRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        // 默认为 false
        if (this.alwaysUseFullPath) {
            return getPathWithinApplication(request);
        }

        String rest = getPathWithinServletMapping(request);
        if (!"".equals(rest)) {
            return rest;
        } else {
            return getPathWithinApplication(request);
        }
    }

    public String getPathWithinServletMapping(HttpServletRequest request) {
        // 获取截取后的相对地址
        String pathWithinApp = getPathWithinApplication(request);
        // 获取的 <servlet>指定的 <url-pattern>(移除通配符后)
        String servletPath = getServletPath(request);
        // 把 pathWithinApp中的“//”替换成“/”
        String sanitizedPathWithinApp = getSanitizedPath(pathWithinApp);
        String path;

        // 这一步主要就是对请求地址中多余的“/”进行移除匹配
        if (servletPath.contains(sanitizedPathWithinApp)) {
            // 同样的,把请求的相对地址中,servletPath截取掉
            path = getRemainingPath(sanitizedPathWithinApp, servletPath, false);
        } else {
            // 同样的,把请求的相对地址中,servletPath截取掉
            path = getRemainingPath(pathWithinApp, servletPath, false);
        }

        if (path != null) {
            return path;
        } else {
            // 如果请求不在 servlet指定的 <url-pattern>下
            String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
            if (pathInfo != null) {
                return pathInfo;
            }
            if (!this.urlDecode) {
                path = getRemainingPath(decodeInternal(request, pathWithinApp), servletPath, false);
                if (path != null) {
                    return pathWithinApp;
                }
            }
            return servletPath;
        }
    }

    public String getPathWithinApplication(HttpServletRequest request) {
        // 获取的项目根路径
        String contextPath = getContextPath(request);
        // 获取请求的相对地址
        String requestUri = getRequestUri(request);
        // 把请求的相对地址中的项目根路径截去
        String path = getRemainingPath(requestUri, contextPath, true);
        if (path != null) {
            return (StringUtils.hasText(path) ? path : "/");
        } else {
            return requestUri;
        }
    }
}

    (getPathWithinServletMapping)首先会在配置的 DispatcherServlet 范围内查找,对于同一个请求 “http://localhost/a/b” 来说:

  • <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>, 返回的就是 “/a/b”;
  • <url-pattern>/a/*</url-pattern>,那么返回的就是 “/b”。如果请求为 “http://localhost/a” ,那么返回的就是空字符串了。

    (getPathWithinApplication)只有在上一步返回空字符串时才会在 Application 范围内查找,对于用一个请求“http://localhost/context/a” 来说:

  • <Context path="/context">,返回的就是 “/a”;
  • <Context path="/">,返回的就是 “/context/a”。如果请求为 “http://localhost” ,那么返回的就是 “/”了。

 

AbstractHandlerMethodMapping 分支
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {

    @Override
    protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        // 同样使用 UrlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest
        String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Looking up handler method for path " + lookupPath);
        }

        this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock();
        try {
            // 根据请求 url找到对应的 HandlerMethod
            HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
            ....// 省略日志

            // createWithResolvedBean目的是确保 HandlerMethod中持有的是被调用的实例 bean
            // 而不是 beanName,如果是会调用了 getBean获取实例后创建新的 HandleMethod
            // 因为这个实例 bean会用于反射调用方法
            return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null);
        } finally {
            this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock();
        }
    }

    protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<Match>();

        // 使用 MappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl,通过相对路径查找对应的 List<RequestMappingInfo>
        // 见 AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的注册逻辑
        List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath);
        if (directPathMatches != null) {
            // 不为 null,说明 @RequestMapping指定的是非通配符路径
            // 找到匹配条件的填充 matches
            addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
        }
        if (matches.isEmpty()) {
            // 如果通过直接路径找不到,就在所有注册的映射路径中查找
            // 找到匹配条件的填充 matches
            addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request);
        }

        if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
            // 因为可能会有多个匹配方法,需要根据定义的优先级排序
            Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
            Collections.sort(matches, comparator);
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Found " + matches.size() + " matching mapping(s) for [" +
                        lookupPath + "] : " + matches);
            }
            // 取出最匹配的
            Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
            if (matches.size() > 1) {
                // 条件:带有“Origin”、“Access-Control-Request-Method”请求头的 options请求
                if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
                    // 返回 EmptyHandler封装的 HandlerMethod
                    // 调用会抛出异常 UnsupportedOperationException
                    return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
                }

                // 有两个相同优先级的匹配结果,会抛异常
                Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
                if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
                    Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
                    Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Ambiguous handler methods mapped for HTTP path '" +
                            request.getRequestURL() + "': {" + m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
                }
            }

            // 调用 setAttribute设置一些属性
            handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
            // 返回匹配的 HandlerMethod
            return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
        } else {
            // 未匹配
            return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
        }
    }
}

    同样使用的是 UrlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest 获取请求的相对路径。之后根据相对路径找到对应的 HandlerMethod 。涉及到了一个请求地址对应了多个匹配结果的筛选:

    private void addMatchingMappings(Collection<T> mappings, List<Match> matches, 
                                                                 HttpServletRequest request) {
        for (T mapping : mappings) {
            // 获取满足条件的 RequestMappingInfo
            T match = getMatchingMapping(mapping, request);
            // 只有满足返回的才不为 null,这一步会筛选掉不符合条件的
            // 例如:请求路径不匹配、header头不匹配等等
            if (match != null) {
                // 通过 MappingRegistry维护的 mappingLookup找到对应的 HandlerMethod
                // 使用 RequestMappingInfo和 HandlerMethod创建 Match
                // 用于 MatchComparator的排序
                matches.add(new Match(match, this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().get(mapping)));
            }
        }
    }
public abstract class RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping extends 
                                     AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<RequestMappingInfo> {

    @Override
    protected RequestMappingInfo getMatchingMapping(RequestMappingInfo info, HttpServletRequest request) {
        // 调用 RequestMappingInfo.getMatchingCondition
        return info.getMatchingCondition(request);
    }
}
public final class RequestMappingInfo implements RequestCondition<RequestMappingInfo> {

    @Override
    public RequestMappingInfo getMatchingCondition(HttpServletRequest request) {
        RequestMethodsRequestCondition methods = this.methodsCondition.getMatchingCondition(request);
        ParamsRequestCondition params = this.paramsCondition.getMatchingCondition(request);
        HeadersRequestCondition headers = this.headersCondition.getMatchingCondition(request);
        ConsumesRequestCondition consumes = this.consumesCondition.getMatchingCondition(request);
        ProducesRequestCondition produces = this.producesCondition.getMatchingCondition(request);
        
        // 这一步基本不会,因为 @RequestMapping都有默认值
        if (methods == null || params == null || headers == null 
                            || consumes == null || produces == null) {
            return null;
        }
        // 对于 @RequestMapping指定的 path/value匹配(直接地址匹配、通配符匹配)
        PatternsRequestCondition patterns = this.patternsCondition.getMatchingCondition(request);
        if (patterns == null) {
            return null;
        }
        // 对于 @RequestMapping指定的 method、param、header、consumes、produces的匹配
        RequestConditionHolder custom = this.customConditionHolder.getMatchingCondition(request);
        if (custom == null) {
            return null;
        }

        return new RequestMappingInfo(this.name, patterns,
                methods, params, headers, consumes, produces, custom.getCondition());
    }
}

    以上的源码,就是用满足请求条件的(指定的 method、header等) RequestMappingInfo 以及对应的 HandlerMethod 封装成 Match 并填充到 matches 的逻辑。

    这一步可能会筛选出多个匹配项,接下来就需要靠 MatchComparator 排序后挑选出最匹配项,逻辑见 RequestMappingInfo.compareTo,这里不展开分析。

 

getHandlerAdapter

    protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
        if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
            // 遍历所有注册的 HandlerAdapter
            for (HandlerAdapter ha : this.handlerAdapters) {
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("Testing handler adapter [" + ha + "]");
                }
                // 调用 HandlerAdapter.supports看是否支持适配
                if (ha.supports(handler)) {
                    return ha;
                }
            }
        }
        throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
                "]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
    }

    这里调用的 supports 获取到支持适配的 HandlerAdapter,之后调用其 handle 方法执行处理逻辑,具体源码上篇已分析,见 “HandlerAdapter”。

    执行完之后,就获取到了 ModelAndView 返回,接着就是对视图的处理(processDispatchResult),放在下节分析。

 

总结

    本篇分析的就是一个请求从接收到处理的全过程,目前进度已经获取到了 ModelAndView,至于请求地址如何找到对应的 Handler、Handler 如何调用并返回 ModelAndView ,前几篇已作讲解。下篇将分析 “视图处理” 源码。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/marvelcode/blog/1841027

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