c语言是否继续运行,C语言是否有运行时？

C有一个标准库(libc在Linux上，它提供了像那些在如fprintf和如malloc以及所有的系统调用标准功能)，甚至当你在独立模式下使用gccgcc -ffreestanding(例如，编译libc或某个内核)，它链接了一个微小的库，它提供了内置语言的功能(例如，在32位平台上添加了64位)。

要了解gcc命令正在执行的操作，请将其传递给-v标志。(不要忘记习惯总是用-Wall来获得警告，-g得到调试信息)。

% gcc -v -g -Wall hello.c -o hello

Using built-in specs.

COLLECT_GCC=gcc

COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/lto-wrapper

Target: x86_64-linux-gnu

Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 4.7.2-4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.7 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --with-arch-32=i586 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu

Thread model: posix

gcc version 4.7.2 (Debian 4.7.2-4)

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-Wall' '-o' 'hello' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase hello -g -Wall -version -o /tmp/ccsWt3UC.s

GNU C (Debian 4.7.2-4) version 4.7.2 (x86_64-linux-gnu)

compiled by GNU C version 4.7.2, GMP version 5.0.5, MPFR version 3.1.0-p10, MPC version 0.9

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072

ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"

ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"

#include "..." search starts here:

#include <...> search starts here:

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/include

/usr/local/include

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/include-fixed

/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu

/usr/include

End of search list.

GNU C (Debian 4.7.2-4) version 4.7.2 (x86_64-linux-gnu)

compiled by GNU C version 4.7.2, GMP version 5.0.5, MPFR version 3.1.0-p10, MPC version 0.9

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072

Compiler executable checksum: c5f63dedeacd449634699df94fe3d914

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-Wall' '-o' 'hello' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

as -v --64 -o /tmp/ccO5i3pU.o /tmp/ccsWt3UC.s

GNU assembler version 2.22 (x86_64-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.22

COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/

LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-Wall' '-o' 'hello' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/collect2 --sysroot=/ --build-id --no-add-needed --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=both -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o hello /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../.. /tmp/ccO5i3pU.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

注意collect2是包裹做更多的事情链接，并libc.so得到几乎每一个Linux可执行使用(因为它被包装syscalls)。