让我们来梳理一下三大内核阵营的主要成员。
Webkit:Chrome、Safari和Opera
Trident:Internet Explorer
Gecko:Firefox
browser | about scheme | 用户代理 |
chrome | chrome://about | Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.69 Safari/537.36 |
opera | opera:about | Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16 |
firefox | about:support | Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0 |
都是通过文件的读写来实现权限的分配的
而没有所谓的类似数据库用户某个用户的所有权限
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm -qpi /media/Packages/* |grep Relocations 这个进程占用cpu还挺大的
在另一终端用top查看,默认只显示命令名,按下c键会显示完全的命令行选项与参数方便监控用户行为
[root@localhost ~]# top
linux下用普通用户安装软件报错要点
[vsft@localhost ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
#1) Respect the privacy of others.
#2) Think before you type.
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for vsft:
vsft is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported
vsft 不在 sudoers 文件中。此事将被报告。
sudo这一动作会纪录到/var/log/secure中,同时发送邮件给root用户,这便是审计
su命令只在/var/log/secure中纪录登录时间段
不能将root密码交给普通用户,除非不得已。
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm -ivh /media/Packages/vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: /media/Packages/vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: can't create transaction lock on /var/lib/rpm/.rpm.lock (权限不够)
[vsft@localhost ~]$ cp /media/Packages/vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm ./
[vsft@localhost ~]$ mkdir program
[vsft@localhost ~]$ ll
总用量 156
drwxrwxr-x. 2 vsft vsft 4096 2月 16 22:52 program
-r--r--r--. 1 vsft vsft 154576 2月 16 22:50 vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm --prefix=program/
rpm: arguments to --prefix must begin with a /
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm --prefix=./program/
rpm: arguments to --prefix must begin with a /
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm --prefix=/home/vsft/program/
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: package vsftpd is not relocatable
rpm包安装异常,--prefix 参数不能重定位,安装到另一个目录的原因
经查找,可以使用下面的命令查看rpm包是否可以重定位,也就是安装到另一个目录。
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm -qpi vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Name : vsftpd Relocations: (not relocatable)
从结果看到Relocations: (not relocatable)
是无法修改安装目录的,也就是不能重定位,只有去掉 --prefix参数了。
其实从帮助信息中就可看出一二
[vsft@localhost ~]$ rpm --help|grep prefix
--prefix=<dir> relocate the package to <dir>, if relocatable
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/710561/1307170