he Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models The Apache™ Hadoop® project develops open-source software for reliable, scalable, distributed computing.
The project includes these modules:
- Hadoop Common: The common utilities that support the other Hadoop modules.
- Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™): A distributed file system that provides high-throughput access to application data.
- Hadoop YARN: A framework for job scheduling and cluster resource management.
- Hadoop MapReduce: A YARN-based system for parallel processing of large data sets.
This article will help you for step by step install and configure single node hadoop cluster using Hadoop on centos.
Install Java
Before installing hadoop make sure you have java installed on your system. Use this command to check the version of the installed Java.
java -version java version "1.7.0_75" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_75-b13) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.75-b04, mixed mode)
To install or update Java use following step by step instructions.
First step is to download latest version of java from the Oracle official website.
cd /opt/ wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz" tar xzf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz
Need to set up to use newer version of Java using alternatives. Use the following commands to do it.
cd /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/ alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java 2 alternatives --config java
There are 3 programs which provide 'java'. Selection Command ----------------------------------------------- * 1 /opt/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java + 2 /opt/jdk1.7.0_72/bin/java 3 /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 3 [Press Enter]
Now you may also required to set up javac and jar commands path using alternatives command.
alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/jar 2 alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/javac 2 alternatives --set jar /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/jar alternatives --set javac /opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/javac
The next step is to configure environment variables. Use following commands to set up these variable properly
- Setup JAVA_HOME Variable
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_79
- Setup JRE_HOME Variable
export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
- Setup PATH Variable
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/jdk1.7.0_79/bin:/opt/jdk1.7.0_79/jre/bin
Installing Apache Hadoop
After setting up the java environment. Let stat installing Apache Hadoop.
The first step is to create a system user account to use for hadoop installation.
useradd hadoop passwd hadoop
Now you need to configure the ssh keys for the user hadoop. Using following command to enable ssh login without password.
su - hadoop
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
exit
Now download hadoop latest available version from its official site hadoop.apache.org.
cd ~ wget http://apache.claz.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.0/hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz tar xzf hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz mv hadoop-2.6.0 hadoop
Now the next step is to set environment variable uses by hadoop.
Edit ~/.bashrc file and add the following listes of values at end of file.
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop export HADOOP_INSTALL=$HADOOP_HOME export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
Then apply the changes in current running environment
source ~/.bashrc
edit $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh file and set JAVA_HOME environment variable
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_79/
Now you start with the configuration with basic hadoop single node cluster setup.
First edit hadoop configuration files and make following changes.
cd /home/hadoop/hadoop/etc/hadoop
Let’s start by editing core-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.default.name</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value> </property> </configuration>
Then Edit hdfs-site.xml:
<configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.name.dir</name> <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopdata/hdfs/namenode</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.data.dir</name> <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopdata/hdfs/datanode</value> </property> </configuration>
and edit mapred-site.xml:
<configuration> <property> <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> <value>yarn</value> </property> </configuration>
finally edit yarn-site.xml:
<configuration> <property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> </property> </configuration>
Now format the namenode using following command:
hdfs namenode -format
To start all hadoop services use the following command:
cd /home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/ start-dfs.sh start-yarn.sh
To check if all services are started well use ‘jps‘ command:
jps
You should see like this output.
26049 SecondaryNameNode 25929 DataNode 26399 Jps 26129 JobTracker 26249 TaskTracker 25807 NameNode
Now you can in your Browser at:
Verify all applications for cluster：http://your-ip-address:8088/
Verify all Hadoop Services ： http://your-ip-address:50070/
Thanks!!!
Referred : http://www.unixmen.com/setup-apache-hadoop-centos
----------------------------
hadoop安装完以后，经常会提示一下警告：
WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform...
using builtin-java classes where applicable搜了好多文章，都说是跟系统位数有关系，我使用的是Centos 6.5 64位操作系统。
前两天在做Docker镜像的时候发现了一个步骤可以解决这个问题，亲试了一下，果然不再提示了。
首先下载hadoop-native-64-2.4.0.tar： http://dl.bintray.com/sequenceiq/sequenceiq-bin/hadoop-native-64-2.4.0.tar 如果你是hadoop2.6的可以下载下面这个： http://dl.bintray.com/sequenceiq/sequenceiq-bin/hadoop-native-64-2.6.0.tar
tar -x hadoop-native-64-2.4.0.tar -C hadoop/lib/native/
1、linux下jps command not found
hadoop启动，使用命令jps，可是却提示找不到命令，
hadoop执行jps 报
jps -bash: jps: command not found
这条命令是在jdk下的bin目录下的一个可执行文件，我查看了一下我的jdk目录，发现有jps可执行文件，但是只是没有放在环境变量里面而已，环境变量可以通过etho $PATH命令查看。
所以就要自己加上去，以root身份vi /etc/profile，然后在下面加一行export PATH="usr/java/jdk160_05/bin:$PATH",其中橘色的部分是你把jdk安装在哪的路径和jdk文件夹名称。保存退出。
然后source /etc/profile就可以，没报错就说明是成功了，再执行jps就看到了。
启动SSHD
service sshd start
关闭firewall：
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止
firewall systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
firewall-cmd --state #查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）
How To Install HBASE
Download and unpack the latest release.
- Choose a download site from this list of Apache Download Mirrors. Download the latest stable or fresh release,
hbase-0.96.1.1-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz. - Upload file to
/opt- decompress and untar:tar xvfz hbase-0.96.1.1-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz -
Extract and setup HBase -
Similar to what you have done for Hadoop, extract HBase and rename the folder. Run the following command from the location where you have saved hbase files
$tar xvfz hbase-0.96.0-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz $mv hbase-0.96.0-hadoop2 hbase
- Note: If you are using Hbase 0.96 version
Hbase 0.96 version uses older version of hadoop libraries. They are not compatible with Hadoop-2.2, we have downloaded. It uses beta version of hadoop common jar files. If you continue using, you will get errors like,
org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RpcServerException): Unknown out of band call #xxxxxx
in hbase log files. To fix the problem, we need to remove all beta jar files from hbase and use the correct set of files. To start with we remove all the files which are not compatible$cd /home/hdtest/hbase/lib $rm -rf hadoop*.jar
Once the files are removed, copy the correct files from hadoop installation
$cd /home/hdtest/hbase/lib $cp $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/common/hadoop*.jar . $cp $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop*.jar . $cp $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop*.jar . $cp $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/tools/lib/hadoop*.jar . $cp $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop*.jar .
Update the Hbase configuration file at hbase/conf/hbase-site.conf. Add the following content between configuration tag.
<property> <name>hbase.rootdir</name> <value>hdfs://127.0.0.1:54310/sample</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name> <value>hdfs://127.0.0.1:54310/zookeeper</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort</name> <value>2181</value> <description>Property from ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The port at which the clients will connect.</description> </property>If you want to use a local file system instead of HDFS, replace the URL withfile:///your/preferred/path/. Now lets start the HBase instance bu running teh following command.
$cd /home/hdtest/hbase/bin $./start-hbase.sh
Hbase will not be started automatically in this configuration. You have to run this command again on your next reboot. Once this command is executed and you are back in shell prompt, you can check the log files if something is wrong. You can find the log files under/home/hdtest/hbase/logs folder. If you don’t see any issue, lets try to use hbase. Open the hbase shell and run a simple list command.
$./hbase shell HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell Version 0.96.0-hadoop2, r1531434, Fri Oct 11 15:28:08 PDT 2013 hbase(main):001:0> list TABLE 0 row(s) in 3.1580 seconds => [] hbase(main):002:0>
There are not tables on Hbase. That is why you see the outpit as []. Now lets create a table and run the list command.
hbase(main):003:0> create 'sample', 'r' 0 row(s) in 0.5550 seconds => Hbase::Table - sample hbase(main):004:0> list TABLE sample 1 row(s) in 0.0600 seconds => ["sample"] hbase(main):005:0>
Congrats..!!! you have your Hadoop and HBase running.
**** and now for the previous Hadoop from the above posting:
- Note: If you are using Hbase 0.96 version
How to Install Hive
HIVE INSTALLATION
This section refers to the installation settings of Hive on a standalone system as well as on a system existing as a node in a cluster.
INTRODUCTION
Apache Hive is a data warehouse infrastructure built on top of Hadoop for providing data summarization, query, and analysis. Apache Hive supports analysis of large datasets stored in Hadoop’s HDFS and compatible file systems such as Amazon S3 filesystem. It provides an SQL-like language called HiveQL(Hive Query Language) while maintaining full support for map/reduce.
Hive Installation
Installing HIVE:
-
Browse to the link: http://apache.claz.org/hive/stable/
-
Click the apache-hive-0.13.0-bin.tar.gz
-
Save and Extract it
Commands
user@ubuntu:~$ cd /usr/lib/ user@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir hive user@ubuntu:~$ cd Downloads user@ubuntu:~$ sudo mv apache-hive-0.13.0-bin /usr/lib/hive
Setting Hive environment variable:
Commands
user@ubuntu:~$ cd
user@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
Copy and paste the following lines at end of the file
# Set HIVE_HOME
export HIVE_HOME="/usr/lib/hive/apache-hive-0.13.0-bin"
PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export PATH
Setting HADOOP_PATH in HIVE config.sh
Commands
user@ubuntu:~$ cd /usr/lib/hive/apache-hive-0.13.0-bin/bin
user@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit hive-config.sh
Go to the line where the following statements are written
# Allow alternate conf dir location.
HIVE_CONF_DIR="${HIVE_CONF_DIR:-$HIVE_HOME/conf"
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=$HIVE_CONF_DIR
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=$HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH
Below this write the following
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop (write the path where hadoop file is there)
Create Hive directories within HDFS
Command
user@ubuntu:~$ hadoop fs -mkdir /usr/hive/warehouse
Setting READ/WRITE permission for table
Command
user@ubuntu:~$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /usr/hive/warehouse
HIVE launch
Command
user@ubuntu:~$ hive
Hive shell will prompt:
OUTPUT
Shell will look like
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/usr/lib/hive/apache-hive-0.13.0-bin/lib/hive- common-0.13.0.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive>show databases
Creating a database
Command
hive> create database mydb;
OUTPUT
OK
Time taken: 0.369 seconds
hive>
Configuring hive-site.xml:
Open with text-editor and change the following property
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>TRUE</value>
<description>controls whether to connect to remove metastore server or open a new metastore server in Hive Client JVM</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://usr/lib/hive/apache-hive-0.13.0-bin/metastore_db? createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/usr/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
Writing a Script
Open a new terminal (CTRL+ALT+T)
user@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit sample.sql
create database sample;
use sample;
create table product(product int, productname string, price float)[row format delimited fields terminated by ',';]
describe product;
load data local inpath ‘/home/hduser/input_to_product.txt’ into table product
select * from product;
SAVE and CLOSE
user@ubuntu:~$ sudo gedit input_to_product.txt
user@ubuntu:~$ cd /usr/lib/hive/apache-hive-0.13.0-bin/ $ bin/hive -f /home/hduser/sample.sql
启动 Hive时， 遇到如下错误
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
解决办法：
删掉以下文件即可
$HADOOP_Home/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar
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