tempfs shm oracle sga,ORA-000845 与 /dev/shm(tempfs)

MEMORY_TARGET参数在Oracle 11g被引进，主要是用于控制Oracle对于系统内存的使用，首次将SGA与PGA整合到一起实现自动管理。一旦设置了MEMORY_TARGET参数值，Oracle会根据需要自动调整SGA与PGA以合理的分配及使用内存。但如果MEMORY_TARGET设置不当，就容易引起ORA-00845，因为MEMORY_TARGET与/dev/shm(tempfs)息息相关，本文即是对由此引发问题的描述。

1、故障现象[oracle@linux1 catadb]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Nov 13 21:38:41 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle> startup nomount;

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

2、故障分析[oracle@linux1 trace]$ oerr ora 00845

00845, 00000, "MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system"

// *Cause: The MEMORY_TARGET parameter was not supported on this operating system or /dev/shm was not sized correctly on Linux.

// *Action: Refer to documentation for a list of supported operating systems.

Or, size /dev/shm to be at least the SGA_MAX_SIZE on each Oracle instance running on the system.

#从上面的描述可知，/dev/shm的大小应该至少是当前系统每一个实例的SGA_MAX_SIZE，个人认为这个描述不是很准确

#下面查看告警日志[oracle@linux1 trace]$ more alert_catadb.log

Wed Nov 13 21:38:48 2013

Starting ORACLE instance (normal)

WARNING: You are trying to use the MEMORY_TARGET feature. This feature requires the /dev/shm file system to be mounted for at least

1073741824 bytes. /dev/shm is either not mounted or is mounted with available space less than this size. Please fix this so that

MEMORY_TARGET can work as expected. Current available is 901312512 and used is 161312768 bytes.

Ensure that the mount point is /dev/shm for this directory. memory_target needs larger /dev/shm

#告警日志给出了比较精确的描述，/dev/shm至少是1GB，因为我们的参数文件中定义的MEMORY_TARGET为1GB

#同时也给出了/dev/shm当前已使用的和剩余空间的大小。剩余空间大小901312512不够1GB，因此需要考虑增加dev/shm或减少MEMORY_TARGET的值

#延伸思考/dev/shm实际上就是对应到tmpfs，也可以称之为临时文件系统(不是块设备)。有点类似于Oracle数据库的临时表空间一样啊，用于加速和优化系统。

我们可以通过df -h来查看到该加载点，该目录并不位于磁盘，而是在内存里，默认情况下，其大小为当前内存的一半，该文件系统会被自动加载。

/dev/shm的分配是按需分配，如我们前面的错误描述，当前分配了1GB，实际使用了154MB，剩余860MB。也就是说这860MB依旧可分配给其他应用程序。

使用tmps文件系统有一些优点，可以实现动态文件系统大小，其次是由于驻留内存，可以闪电加速。重启后被清空，也就是相当于闪存。

#当前系统的/dev/shm[oracle@linux1 trace]$ df -h | grep shm

tmpfs                1014M  154M  860M  16% /dev/shm

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ ls -hltr /dev/shm

total 154M

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_68

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_39

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_40

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_41

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_42

...............

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:47 ora_+ASM1_2686978_66

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:47 ora_+ASM1_2686978_52

-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:47 ora_+ASM1_2686978_67

3、故障解决从上面的情形可知，我们可以通过增加tempfs文件系统的大小或者是适当减少MEMORY_TARGET的值来解决

a、调整参数memory_target[oracle@linux1 ~]$ grep memory $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcatadb.ora

memory_target=521M

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=catadb

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 14 11:51:57 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  548216832 bytes

Fixed Size                  1337804 bytes

Variable Size             331351604 bytes

Database Buffers          209715200 bytes

Redo Buffers                5812224 bytes

idle> shutdown abort;

ORACLE instance shut down.

b、增加tempfs大小[oracle@linux1 ~]$ grep memory $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcatadb.ora

memory_target=1G

#下面的方法用于临时调整tempfs的大小，重启后失效

#即将tempfs的大小调整到1200M，inode数量调整到1000000，此时大约可可存放一百万个小文件[root@linux1 ~]# mount -o size=1200M -o nr_inodes=1000000 -o noatime,nodiratime -o remount /dev/shm

[root@linux1 ~]# df -h | grep shm

tmpfs                 1.2G  154M  1.1G  13% /dev/shm

[root@linux1 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=catadb

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 14 12:04:02 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1071333376 bytes

Fixed Size                  1341312 bytes

Variable Size             620759168 bytes

Database Buffers          444596224 bytes

Redo Buffers                4636672 bytes

# Author : Leshami

#  Blog  :http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

#永久增加tempfs的大小，直接修改/etc/fstabvi /etc/fstab

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=2048M 0 0

修改之后remount

mount -o remount /dev/shm

4、Doc ID 1399209.1Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm) and file descriptors. The size of the shared memory must be at least the greater of the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer. If the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET parameter or the MEMORY_TARGET parameter is set to a nonzero value, and an incorrect size is assigned to the shared memory, it results in an ORA-00845 error at startup.

On Linux systems, if the operating system /dev/shm mount size is too small for the Oracle system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), then you encounter the following error:

The cause of this error is an insufficient /dev/shm allocation. The total memory size of the SGA and PGA, which sets the initialization parameter MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET, cannot be greater than the shared memory file system (/dev/shm) on your operating system.

   

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