原文地址:RabbitMQ Tutorials - "Hello World!" - Java
内容根据自身的理解有增删
RabbitMQ是一个消息代理(broker):它接受并转发消息。
- 生产者(producer):是指发送消息的程序。
- 队列(queue):类似RabbitMQ内部的一个邮箱。可以用于存储生产者和消费者之间的消息。队列只受主机的内存和磁盘限制,本质上是一个巨大的消息缓冲区(message buffer)。生产者们往队列里发送消息;消费者们尝试从队列里接收消息。
- 消费者(consumer):等待接收消息的程序。
三者通常不在同一个host里。
因为这是一个简单的事例,所以忽略了许多 Java API 细节。
如下图所示,“P”是生产者,“C”是消费者。中间是队列。
准备工作
创建maven工程,添加相关依赖:amqp-client
,slf4j-api
,slf4j-simple
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
发送
We'll call our message publisher (sender) Send and our message consumer (receiver) Recv. The publisher will connect to RabbitMQ, send a single message, then exit.
生产者连接到RabbitMQ,发送发消息,然后推出。
public class Send {
//创建queue的名称
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
//创建一个broker的本地连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明一个queue(幂等),消息可发送至此
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
String message = "Hello World!";
//message以字节数组的方式传递
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
//最后关闭channel和connection
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
接收
so unlike the publisher which publishes a single message, we'll keep it running to listen for messages and print them out.
消费者可以是一致处于监听状态,等待消息的到来。
Note that we declare the queue here, as well. Because we might start the consumer before the publisher, we want to make sure the queue exists before we try to consume messages from it.
这段描述可能会让读者误以为必须先启动消费者,其实是不一定的。因为生产者发布消息后,消息存放于 queue 中,消费者随时都可以来获取。文档里用的是we might start
,而不是we must start
。
public class Recv {
//名字和生产者创建时保持一致
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
//创建connection、channel和queue;这一部分和Send.java一样
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
//DefaultConsumer是Cousumer的实现类,通过回调函数接收消息
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
查看队列
使用rabbitmqctl list_queues
查看当前 queue 下的消息数量
$ rabbitmqctl list_queues
Timeout: 60.0 seconds ...
Listing queues for vhost / ...
hello 2