参考：http://www.jb51.net/article/32214.htm

1. Oracle的一些基本参数
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
adela
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle

2. 修改/etc/oratab，使Oracle可以自启动
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
增加一行
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
adela:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1:Y

3. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle
[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/init.d/oracle
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/oracle
添加如下脚本

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"
# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;

'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;

'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac


4. 添加服务
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on

5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做以下操作
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle  //关机
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle  //重启

6. 测试命令是否有效
[root@localhost ~]# service oracle start  //启动oracle

Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.

[root@localhost ~]# service oracle stop   //关闭oracle

Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.

# service oracle restart     //重启oracle
[root@localhost ~]# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.

Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.

7. 重启Linux

[root@localhost ~]# reboot


8. 重启后进入oracle用户，进sqlplus

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jul 18 23:16:17 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options


SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
18-JUL-15


数据库正常启动！