JavaWebService攻略<1>Java WebService 入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-24 08:39:48 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-09-24 08:39:48 发布
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原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/zhaoqian/blog/346294
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Java Web 入门

本章代码: https://github.com/zhaoqian/study-test/tree/master/credo-test/src/main/java/org/credo/jaxws/study1

1.什么是web服务.

web服务是网络化应用程序的一种.主要基于HTTP超文本传输协议.
web服务的定义可以分为两大类型: 基于SOAP协议和基于Rest风格.

2.Webservice服务示例(Jax-ws)

基于SOAP的JavaWeb服务尽管可以只由单独的Java类来实现，但是遵从最佳实践原则，首先应该定义一个Java接口类，在此接口内声明Web服务需要完成或实现的业务方法。
通常这类接口被称为"SEI"，即服务端点接口（Service Endpoint Interface）。
而与之对应的实现类被称为"SIB"，即服务实现Bean（Service Implementation Bean）。

SEI示例:  
package org.credo.jaxws.study1;

import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding;
import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding.Style;

@WebService
@SOAPBinding(style=Style.RPC)
public interface TimeSEIServer
{
	@WebMethod String getTimeAsString();
	@WebMethod Long getTimeAsLong();
}

SIB示例: 

package org.credo.jaxws.study1;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.jws.WebService;

@WebService(endpointInterface="org.credo.jaxws.study1.TimeSEIServer")
public class TimeSIBServerImpl implements TimeSEIServer
{

	@Override
	public String getTimeAsString()
	{
		return new Date().toString();
	}

	@Override
	public Long getTimeAsLong()
	{
		return new Date().getTime();
	}

}
启动服务: 
package org.credo.jaxws.study1;

import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;

public class TimeServerPublisher
{

	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Endpoint.publish("http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts", new TimeSIBServerImpl());
	}

}

输入http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts 页面,即可看到如下数据

Web Services

Endpoint Information
Service Name: {http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/}TimeSIBServerImplService
Port Name: {http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/}TimeSIBServerImplPort
Address: http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts
WSDL: http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts?wsdl
Implementation class: org.credo.jaxws.study1.TimeSIBServerImpl

http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts?wsdl 则是这个webservice的wsdl. 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- Published by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS RI 2.2.4-b01. --><!-- Generated by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS RI 2.2.4-b01. --><definitions xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" xmlns:wsp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ws-policy" xmlns:wsp1_2="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/policy" xmlns:wsam="http://www.w3.org/2007/05/addressing/metadata" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" targetNamespace="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/" name="TimeSIBServerImplService">
<types></types>
<message name="getTimeAsString"></message>
<message name="getTimeAsStringResponse">
<part name="return" type="xsd:string"></part>
</message>
<message name="getTimeAsLong"></message>
<message name="getTimeAsLongResponse">
<part name="return" type="xsd:long"></part>
</message>
<portType name="TimeSEIServer">
<operation name="getTimeAsString">
<input wsam:Action="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsStringRequest" message="tns:getTimeAsString"></input>
<output wsam:Action="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsStringResponse" message="tns:getTimeAsStringResponse"></output>
</operation>
<operation name="getTimeAsLong">
<input wsam:Action="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsLongRequest" message="tns:getTimeAsLong"></input>
<output wsam:Action="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsLongResponse" message="tns:getTimeAsLongResponse"></output>
</operation>
</portType>
<binding name="TimeSIBServerImplPortBinding" type="tns:TimeSEIServer">
<soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="rpc"></soap:binding>
<operation name="getTimeAsString">
<soap:operation soapAction=""></soap:operation>
<input>
<soap:body use="literal" namespace="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"></soap:body>
</input>
<output>
<soap:body use="literal" namespace="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"></soap:body>
</output>
</operation>
<operation name="getTimeAsLong">
<soap:operation soapAction=""></soap:operation>
<input>
<soap:body use="literal" namespace="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"></soap:body>
</input>
<output>
<soap:body use="literal" namespace="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"></soap:body>
</output>
</operation>
</binding>
<service name="TimeSIBServerImplService">
<port name="TimeSIBServerImplPort" binding="tns:TimeSIBServerImplPortBinding">
<soap:address location="http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts"></soap:address>
</port>
</service>
</definitions>

靠近wsdl前面部分的"portType"节.
该节将已经发布的Web服务提供的服务操作组织在一起.
在本例中,服务操作就是getTimeAsString和getTimeAsLong.是在SEI中定义,SIB中实现的两方法.WSDL的portType节点就像一个java接口.只提供了服务操作的抽象定义.而没有提供具体实现细节.在Web服务定义的每一个服务操作中都包括一个输入消息和输出消息.输入消息代表这web服务的输入参数.在Web服务运行时环境中,每一个输入,输出消息都是一个SOAP文档.
另外一部分是在WSDL后面的"service"节.
本例中URL: http://localhost:9876/ts 中所请求的服务的位置.这个URL通常成为服务端点(Service endpoint).由它来告诉调用服务的客户端.该服务增援才可以被访问.

总的来说,wsdl的组成如下

第一部分:

定义了服务接口,他在WSDL中由<message../>元素和<portType.../>两个元素组成,
其中<message.../>元素定义了操作的交互方式.
而<portType.../>元素里则可以包含N个<operation.../>元素,每个<operation.../>元素代表一个允许远程调用的操作(就是方法).

第二部分:

定义了服务实现.由binding和service元素组成
binding定义了特定的通信协议,数据编码模型和底层通信协议.将WebService服务接口定义映射到具体实现.
而service元素就包含一系列的port元素,每个元素将把绑定机制,服务访问协议,端点地址结合在一起.

3.请求webservice服务示例

通过CXF 转换WSDL为Java文件,指定UTF-8
ApacheCXF wsdl2java 指定编码:
 wsdl2java -encoding utf-8 wsdl网址

apache cxf生成文件如下: 

package org.credo.jaxws.study1.simpleRequest.cxfGenerate;

import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebResult;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding;
import javax.xml.ws.Action;

@WebService(targetNamespace = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/", name = "TimeSEIServer")
@SOAPBinding(style = SOAPBinding.Style.RPC)
public interface TimeSEIServer {

    @WebResult(name = "return", targetNamespace = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/", partName = "return")
    @Action(input = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsLongRequest", output = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsLongResponse")
    @WebMethod
    public long getTimeAsLong();

    @WebResult(name = "return", targetNamespace = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/", partName = "return")
    @Action(input = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsStringRequest", output = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/TimeSEIServer/getTimeAsStringResponse")
    @WebMethod
    public java.lang.String getTimeAsString();
}
另一个TimeSIBServerImplService 
package org.credo.jaxws.study1.simpleRequest.cxfGenerate;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.ws.WebEndpoint;
import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceClient;
import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceFeature;
import javax.xml.ws.Service;

@WebServiceClient(name = "TimeSIBServerImplService", 
                  wsdlLocation = "http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts?wsdl",
                  targetNamespace = "http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/") 
public class TimeSIBServerImplService extends Service {

    public final static URL WSDL_LOCATION;

    public final static QName SERVICE = new QName("http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/", "TimeSIBServerImplService");
    public final static QName TimeSIBServerImplPort = new QName("http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/", "TimeSIBServerImplPort");
    static {
        URL url = null;
        try {
            url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts?wsdl");
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(TimeSIBServerImplService.class.getName())
                .log(java.util.logging.Level.INFO, 
                     "Can not initialize the default wsdl from {0}", "http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts?wsdl");
        }
        WSDL_LOCATION = url;
    }

    public TimeSIBServerImplService(URL wsdlLocation) {
        super(wsdlLocation, SERVICE);
    }

    public TimeSIBServerImplService(URL wsdlLocation, QName serviceName) {
        super(wsdlLocation, serviceName);
    }

    public TimeSIBServerImplService() {
        super(WSDL_LOCATION, SERVICE);
    }
    
    //This constructor requires JAX-WS API 2.2. You will need to endorse the 2.2
    //API jar or re-run wsdl2java with "-frontend jaxws21" to generate JAX-WS 2.1
    //compliant code instead.
    public TimeSIBServerImplService(WebServiceFeature ... features) {
        super(WSDL_LOCATION, SERVICE, features);
    }

    //This constructor requires JAX-WS API 2.2. You will need to endorse the 2.2
    //API jar or re-run wsdl2java with "-frontend jaxws21" to generate JAX-WS 2.1
    //compliant code instead.
    public TimeSIBServerImplService(URL wsdlLocation, WebServiceFeature ... features) {
        super(wsdlLocation, SERVICE, features);
    }

    //This constructor requires JAX-WS API 2.2. You will need to endorse the 2.2
    //API jar or re-run wsdl2java with "-frontend jaxws21" to generate JAX-WS 2.1
    //compliant code instead.
    public TimeSIBServerImplService(URL wsdlLocation, QName serviceName, WebServiceFeature ... features) {
        super(wsdlLocation, serviceName, features);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @return
     *     returns TimeSEIServer
     */
    @WebEndpoint(name = "TimeSIBServerImplPort")
    public TimeSEIServer getTimeSIBServerImplPort() {
        return super.getPort(TimeSIBServerImplPort, TimeSEIServer.class);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * @param features
     *     A list of {@link javax.xml.ws.WebServiceFeature} to configure on the proxy.  Supported features not in the <code>features</code> parameter will have their default values.
     * @return
     *     returns TimeSEIServer
     */
    @WebEndpoint(name = "TimeSIBServerImplPort")
    public TimeSEIServer getTimeSIBServerImplPort(WebServiceFeature... features) {
        return super.getPort(TimeSIBServerImplPort, TimeSEIServer.class, features);
    }

}
简单请求的main方法: 
package org.credo.jaxws.study1.simpleRequest;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import org.credo.jaxws.study1.simpleRequest.cxfGenerate.TimeSEIServer;
import org.credo.jaxws.study1.simpleRequest.cxfGenerate.TimeSIBServerImplService;
import org.credo.jaxws.study1.simpleRequest.webservicelog.LogResolver;

public class RequestTime
{

	public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException
	{
		String wsdl="http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts?wsdl";
		URL url=new  URL(wsdl);
		TimeSIBServerImplService service= new TimeSIBServerImplService(url);
		//service.setHandlerResolver(new LogResolver());
		TimeSEIServer timeSEIServer = service.getTimeSIBServerImplPort();
		System.out.println("timeSEIServer.getTimeAsLong():"+timeSEIServer.getTimeAsLong());
		System.out.println("timeSEIServer.getTimeAsString():"+timeSEIServer.getTimeAsString());
	}

}
输出: 
<S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><S:Body><ns2:getTimeAsLong xmlns:ns2="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"/></S:Body></S:Envelope>
<S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><S:Header/><S:Body><ns2:getTimeAsLongResponse xmlns:ns2="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"><return>1416379645456</return></ns2:getTimeAsLongResponse></S:Body></S:Envelope>
timeSEIServer.getTimeAsLong():1416379645456
<S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><S:Body><ns2:getTimeAsString xmlns:ns2="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"/></S:Body></S:Envelope>
<S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><S:Header/><S:Body><ns2:getTimeAsStringResponse xmlns:ns2="http://study1.jaxws.credo.org/"><return>Wed Nov 19 14:47:25 CST 2014</return></ns2:getTimeAsStringResponse></S:Body></S:Envelope>
timeSEIServer.getTimeAsString():Wed Nov 19 14:47:25 CST 2014

4.了解SOAP消息

A: Example  HTTP request for the TimeServer service

POST http://127.0.0.1:9876/ts HTTP/ 1.1
Accept: text/xml
Accept: multipart/*
Accept: application/soap
User-Agent: SOAP::Lite/Perl/0.69
Content-Length: 434
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: ""

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soap:Envelope
 soap:encodingStyle="http:// schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
 xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/ envelope/"
 xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:tns="http://ts.ch01/ xmlns:xsd ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
 <soap:Body>
 <tns:getTimeAsString xsi:nil="true" />
 </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>


解析:

1.这个HTTP请求的第一行指定了方法为POST.在SOAP请求中,通常都是POST方式.而不是get.因为只有POST请求才有body域,可以用它来封装一个SOAP消息.在第一行请求的URL之后是HTTP协议的版本号,1.1(现行版本.)

2.在HTTP头之后,都是一些由冒号分割的键值对.这些键值对在HTTP请求头中出现的顺序是任意的."Accept"键连续出现了3次.
以MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)类型/子类型的方式出现.分别是 text/xml.  multpart/*和application/soap.这三个键值对分别表明了请求者客户端可以分别处理

  • 1.任意类型的XML文档.
  • 2.附带任意数量的不同类型文档的请求响应(SOAP消息通常可以有任意多个附件).
  • 3,一个SOAP文档.
"SOAPAction"键通常用来表示这个HTTP请求是一个Web服务请求,同时取值可以为空字符串.在本例中为控制.但其值也可能是请求的Web服务操作的名称.


3.SOAP主体: 两个回车换行.此行用来作为HTTP头数据和Body数据域的分割符.Body域在POST请求下通常是必须的.但可能为空.
本例中,HTTP的body域包含一个SOAP文档.一般被称为SOAP信封(SOAP Envelope).因为Envelope就是信封的意思.SOAP主体包含一个命名为"getTimeAsString" 的xml元素.这个名称也就是客户端调用的服务操作方法的名称.

B:返回信息 

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 323
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Client-Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2008 02:12:54 GMT
Client-Peer: 127.0.0.1:9876
Client-Response-Num: 1

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<soapenv:Envelope
 xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
 xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
 <soapenv:Body>
 <ans:getTimeAsStringResponse xmlns:ans="http://ts.ch01/">
 <return>Mon Apr 28 14:12:54 CST 2008</return>
 </ans:getTimeAsStringResponse>
 </soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>







转载于:https://my.oschina.net/zhaoqian/blog/346294

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