单节点部署实战技术分析

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单结点部署，一般情况适用于本地开发阶段或线上测试阶段，方便智能合约的开发与调试。

创建工程目录

mkdir -p ~/workmeta/EduEthereumServerDeploy/deploy_1/data
cd ~/workmeta/EduEthereumServerDeploy/deploy_1

此目录主要用于存储所有链生产过程中产生的区块、索引数据以及帐户keystore数据。

预先创建挖矿帐户及预置资金帐户

# 1. 创建密码文件，后续生成帐户统一使用此密码

echo "111111" > .passwd

# 2. 创建两个帐户，一个挖矿帐户，一个预置资金帐户

for ((n=0;n<2;n++)); do geth account new --password .passwd --datadir ./data; done
INFO [10-30|10:37:29] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
Address: {127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116} //预设此地址为: 挖矿帐户
INFO [10-30|10:37:30] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
Address: {438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510} //预设此地址为: 预置资金帐户

生成创世区块配置
挖矿帐户: 127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116
预置资金帐户: 438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510

具体操作步骤可参考[五、配置创世区块]
注: 因大家在本地生成的帐户与教程中的帐户不同，所以需要根据自己生成帐户进行创世区块配置。

初始化链数据

4.1 根据创始配置(pubchain.json)初始化数据目录

geth init --datadir ./data pubchain.json
1
执行结果如下：

INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Allocated cache and file handles database=/Users/nolan/workmeta/pubchain/data/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=356 size=65.35kB time=3.010068ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=f6fcaa…44829b
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Allocated cache and file handles database=/Users/nolan/workmeta/pubchain/data/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=356 size=65.35kB time=2.1111ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [10-26|13:42:00] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=f6fcaa…44829b

4.2 查询工程目录结构

tree
1
工程目录如下:

.
├── data
│ ├── geth //根据创世配置生成的文件目录
│ │ ├── chaindata
│ │ │ ├── 000001.log
│ │ │ ├── CURRENT
│ │ │ ├── LOCK
│ │ │ ├── LOG
│ │ │ └── MANIFEST-000000
│ │ └── lightchaindata
│ │ ├── 000001.log
│ │ ├── CURRENT
│ │ ├── LOCK
│ │ ├── LOG
│ │ └── MANIFEST-000000
│ └── keystore //[geth account new]命令生成的keystore帐户信息
│ ├── UTC--2018-10-30T02-37-29.289558112Z--127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116
│ └── UTC--2018-10-30T02-37-30.431416849Z--438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510
└── pubchain.json //创世区块配置

5 directories, 13 files
# 工程可参考: https://github.com/ChainDesk/...

启动节点
执行启动命令

geth --datadir ./data --rpc --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --rpcport 8545 --rpcapi "eth,web3,personal,net,miner,admin,debug,db" --unlock 127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116 --password .passwd --mine
1
整个启动过程如下：

INFO [10-30|10:49:32] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [10-30|10:49:32] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.8.2-stable/darwin-amd64/go1.10
INFO [10-30|10:49:32] Allocated cache and file handles database=/Users/nolan/workmeta/EduEthereumServerDeploy/deploy_1/data/geth/chaindata cache=768 handles=1024
INFO [10-30|10:49:32] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 100 Homestead: 1 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: 2 EIP155: 3 EIP158: 3 Byzantium: 4 Constantinople: <nil> Engine: clique}"
INFO [10-30|10:49:32] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]"
INFO [10-30|10:49:32] Starting P2P networking
....省去一些日志，要不太长了
INFO [10-30|10:49:35] Starting mining operation
INFO [10-30|10:49:35] Commit new mining work number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=130.025µs
INFO [10-30|10:49:35] Successfully sealed new block number=1 hash=9c8e09…919dbe
INFO [10-30|10:49:35] ? mined potential block number=1 hash=9c8e09…919dbe
INFO [10-30|10:49:35] Commit new mining work number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=585.992µs
^CINFO [10-30|10:49:36] Got interrupt, shutting down...
INFO [10-30|10:49:36] HTTP endpoint closed url=http://0.0.0.0:8545
INFO [10-30|10:49:36] IPC endpoint closed endpoint=/Users/nolan/workmeta/EduEthereumServerDeploy/deploy_1/data/geth.ipc
INFO [10-30|10:49:36] Writing cached state to disk block=1 hash=9c8e09…919dbe root=94b9df…184701
INFO [10-30|10:49:36] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=3.947µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
......

到此，整个节点就算启动成功了。接下来我们将验证其内部转帐服务。

节点服务验证

6.1 进入geth命令窗口

geth attach http://localhost:8545 //进入geth客户端
1
进入的命令窗口如下所示：

Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.17-stable-8bbe7207/linux-amd64/go1.10.4
coinbase: 0xd08e33b7f310aadfe52b5f94c8a04045d2594195
at block: 841 (Tue, 30 Oct 2018 09:04:09 CST)
datadir: /opt/node1
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 web3:1.0

6.2 查看转帐前金额

# 查看所有帐户

personal.listAccounts
["0x127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116", "0x438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510"]
# 查看帐户余额(0x127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116)
web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(web3.personal.listAccounts[0]), "ether")
0
# 查看帐户余额(0x438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510)
web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(web3.personal.listAccounts[1]), "ether")
9.04625697166532776746648320380374280103671755200316906558262375061821325312e+56

6.3 执行转帐操作

转帐10eth, 0x438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510 -> 0x127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116
1

web3.personal.unlockAccount(web3.personal.listAccounts[1])
Unlock account 0x438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510
Passphrase:
true
web3.eth.sendTransaction({from: web3.personal.listAccounts[1], to: web3.personal.listAccounts[0], value: web3.toWei(10, "ether")})
"0x9a1057c619659a08ee15882f0954b9953435b7d065a64ec37fd5d5c8b0ef6247“
6.4 查看转帐后金额

# 查看帐户余额(0x127eb97163f790dd25c174429d85c3fa7c3cf116)

web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(web3.personal.listAccounts[0]), "ether")
10.000378
# 查看帐户余额(0x438a22e068b7d62d50a25706476545ab896e8510)
web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(web3.personal.listAccounts[1]), "ether")
9.04625697166532776746648320380374280103671755200316906548261997061821325312e+56