一个Java状态机样例的代码

在UML当中有状态机视图，这个状态机可以用于自动售货机，自动售票机等等场景，下面是用java代码模拟的一个状态机：

　　1.状态机接口

package stateMachine; /** * 状态机接口 * @author seacean * @date 2013-8-29 */ public interface State { /** * 投入硬币 */ void insertQuarter(); /** * 根据摇动情况，处理摇动结果，返回处理结果，释放糖果 */ void ejectQuarter(); /** * 转动摇柄 */ void turnCrank(); /** * 机器放出糖果，处理机器内部状态，返回初始可投币状态 */ void dispense(); }

　2.带有状态机的机器

package stateMachine; /** * 机器类，包含多种状态，处理流程 * @author seacean * @date 2013-8-29 */ public class Machine { //机器本身包含所有的状态机 private State soldOutState; private State noQuarterState; private State hasQuarterState; private State soldState; private State state; //机器的当前状态 private int count = 0;//机器中当前糖果的数量 /** * 初始化机器，引入所有的状态机，初始化糖果数量，初始化机器状态 * @param count */ public Machine(int count) { this.soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this); this.noQuarterState = new NoQuarterState(this); this.hasQuarterState = new HasQuarterState(this); this.soldState = new SoldState(this); this.count = count; if (this.count > 0) { this.state = noQuarterState; } } /** * 释放糖果时的内部处理程序 */ public void releaseBall() { System.out.println("a gumball comes rolling out the solt..."); if (count > 0) { count -= 1; } } public void insertQuerter() { state.insertQuarter();//加入硬币 } public void ejectQuarter() { state.ejectQuarter(); } public void turnCrank() { state.turnCrank(); state.dispense(); } public State getSoldOutState() { return soldOutState; } public State getNoQuarterState() { return noQuarterState; } public State getHasQuarterState() { return hasQuarterState; } public State getSoldState() { return soldState; } public State getState() { return state; } public int getCount() { return count; } public void setState(State state) { this.state = state; } }

　　3.下面是状态机的一些实现类

package stateMachine; /** * 机器处于没有投硬币的状态 * @author seacean * @date 2013-8-29 */ public class NoQuarterState implements State { private Machine machine; public NoQuarterState(Machine machine) { this.machine = machine; } @Override public void insertQuarter() { System.out.println("please insert a quarter!"); machine.setState(machine.getHasQuarterState()); } @Override public void ejectQuarter() { System.out.println("please insert a quarter!"); } @Override public void turnCrank() { System.out.println("please insert a quarter!"); } @Override public void dispense() { System.out.println("please insert a quarter!"); } }

package stateMachine; /** * 机器处于有硬币，有糖果，没有摇动的状态 * @author seacean * @date 2013-8-29 */ public class HasQuarterState implements State { private Machine machine; public HasQuarterState(Machine machine){ this.machine=machine; } @Override public void insertQuarter() { System.out.println("You can not insert another quarter!"); } @Override public void ejectQuarter() { System.out.println("Quarter returned!"); machine.setState(machine.getNoQuarterState()); } @Override public void turnCrank() { System.out.println("You turned ... "); machine.setState(machine.getSoldState()); } @Override public void dispense() { System.out.println("No gumball dispensed!"); } }

package stateMachine; /** * 机器正在出售糖果的状态 * * @author seacean * @date 2013-8-29 */ public class SoldState implements State { private Machine machine; public SoldState(Machine machine) { this.machine = machine; } @Override public void insertQuarter() { System.out.println("please wait,we are already giving you a gumball!"); } @Override public void ejectQuarter() { System.out.println("Sorry, you have turned the crank!"); } @Override public void turnCrank() { System.out.println("Turning twice does not get you another gumball!"); } @Override public void dispense() { machine.releaseBall(); if (machine.getCount() > 0) { machine.setState(machine.getNoQuarterState()); } else { System.out.println("Out of Gumballs!"); machine.setState(machine.getSoldOutState()); } } }

package stateMachine; /** * 机器处于无糖果状态 * @author seacean * @date 2013-8-29 */ public class SoldOutState implements State { private Machine machine; public SoldOutState(Machine machine) { this.machine=machine; } @Override public void insertQuarter() { System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball in the machine!"); } @Override public void ejectQuarter() { System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball in sold!"); } @Override public void turnCrank() { System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball!Turn is no meaning."); machine.setState(machine.getNoQuarterState()); } @Override public void dispense() { System.out.println("Sorry, there is no gumball!"); } }

4.下面是测试类

package stateMachine; //测试类 public class StateMachineTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Machine machine=new Machine(10); for(int i=0;i<11;i++){ System.out.println(machine); machine.insertQuerter(); machine.turnCrank(); } } }

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