设计模式学习专栏十--------组合模式-CSDN博客

设计模式学习专栏十--------组合模式

场景

回顾迭代器模式的案例

我们希望能够加上一份餐后甜点的 "子菜单"

我们需要什么?

我们需要某种树形结构 , 可以容纳菜单 , 子菜单和菜单项
我们需要确定能够在每个菜单的各个项之间游走 . 而且至少要像现在用迭代器一样方便
我们也需要能够更有弹性地在菜单项之间游走 . 比如说 , 可以只需要遍历甜品菜单, 或者可以遍历餐厅的整个菜单(包括甜点菜单在内).

如何实现呢?

案例结构图

案例类图

组合模式总览

定义:允许你将对象组成树形结构来表现"整体 / 部分"的层次结构.组合能让客户以一致的方式处理个别对象和对象组合(忽略整体/部分的区别) 我们可以使用这个模式来 "统一处理个别对象和组合对象"

模式的理解
- 类图
- 角色
  - 叶子结点Leaf
  - 组合结点 Composite
  - 叶子结点与组合结点共同接口 Component
- 细节
  - 当我们有数个对象的集合, 它们之间有"整体/部分"的关系,并且我们想用一致的方法对待这些对象时,就可以使用组合模式
  - 组合模式提供了一个结构,可同时包容个别对象和组合对象
  - 组合结构内的任意对象为组件 , 组件可以是组合,也可以是叶子结点
  - 如果有些对象具备一些没有意义的调用(比如叶子结点的getChild), 我们可以返回null值或者false
    
    我们可以把没意义的调用放到父类中去默认实现 , 但这样会失去一些"安全性" (调用无效操作),
    
    或者把责任区分别放到不同的接口中 (比如把add , getChild放到叶子结点) , 但那样子对客户就失去了"透明性"(需要使用instanceof判断类型并强转) , 因此这需要我们折衷

案例代码部分

抽象组件MenuComponent

public abstract class MenuComponent {
   
	public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
  
	public String getName() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public String getDescription() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public boolean isVegetarian() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}

	public abstract Iterator<MenuComponent> createIterator();
 
	public void print() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
}
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菜单项MenuItem

public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent {
 
	String name;
	String description;
	boolean vegetarian;
	double price;
    
	public MenuItem(String name, 
	                String description, 
	                boolean vegetarian, 
	                double price) 
	{ 
		this.name = name;
		this.description = description;
		this.vegetarian = vegetarian;
		this.price = price;
	}
  
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
  
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}
  
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
  
	public boolean isVegetarian() {
		return vegetarian;
	}

	public Iterator<MenuComponent> createIterator() {
		return new NullIterator();
	}
 
	public void print() {
		System.out.print("  " + getName());
		if (isVegetarian()) {
			System.out.print("(v)");
		}
		System.out.println(", " + getPrice());
		System.out.println("     -- " + getDescription());
	}

}
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菜单Menu

public class Menu extends MenuComponent {
	Iterator<MenuComponent> iterator = null;
	ArrayList<MenuComponent> menuComponents = new ArrayList<MenuComponent>();
	String name;
	String description;
  
	public Menu(String name, String description) {
		this.name = name;
		this.description = description;
	}
 	//菜单Menu重写 add , remove ,getChild方法
	public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		menuComponents.add(menuComponent);
	}
 
	public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		menuComponents.remove(menuComponent);
	}
 
	public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
		return menuComponents.get(i);
	}
 
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
 
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

  
	public Iterator<MenuComponent> createIterator() {
		if (iterator == null) {
			iterator = new CompositeIterator(menuComponents.iterator());
		}
		return iterator;
	}
 
 
	public void print() {
		System.out.print("\n" + getName());
		System.out.println(", " + getDescription());
		System.out.println("---------------------");
  
		Iterator<MenuComponent> iterator = menuComponents.iterator();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			MenuComponent menuComponent = iterator.next();
			menuComponent.print();
		}
	}
}
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客户端

public class MenuTestDrive {
	public static void main(String args[]) {

		MenuComponent pancakeHouseMenu = 
			new Menu("PANCAKE HOUSE MENU", "Breakfast");
		MenuComponent dinerMenu = 
			new Menu("DINER MENU", "Lunch");
  
		MenuComponent allMenus = new Menu("ALL MENUS", "All menus combined");
  
		allMenus.add(pancakeHouseMenu);
		allMenus.add(dinerMenu);
  
		pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"K&B's Pancake Breakfast", 
			"Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast", 
			true,
			2.99));
		pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Regular Pancake Breakfast", 
			"Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage", 
			false,
			2.99));
		pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Blueberry Pancakes",
			"Pancakes made with fresh blueberries, and blueberry syrup",
			true,
			3.49));
		pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Waffles",
			"Waffles, with your choice of blueberries or strawberries",
			true,
			3.59));

		dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Vegetarian BLT",
			"(Fakin') Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat", 
			true, 
			2.99));
		dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"BLT",
			"Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat", 
			false, 
			2.99));
		dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Soup of the day",
			"A bowl of the soup of the day, with a side of potato salad", 
			false, 
			3.29));
		dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Hotdog",
			"A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese",
			false, 
			3.05));
		dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice",
			"A medly of steamed vegetables over brown rice", 
			true, 
			3.99));
 
		dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
			"Pasta",
			"Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread",
			true, 
			3.89));

		Waitress waitress = new Waitress(allMenus);
		waitress.printMenu();
	}
}
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输出结果

ALL MENUS, All menus combined
---------------------

PANCAKE HOUSE MENU, Breakfast
---------------------
  K&B's Pancake Breakfast(v), 2.99
     -- Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast
  Regular Pancake Breakfast, 2.99
     -- Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage
  Blueberry Pancakes(v), 3.49
     -- Pancakes made with fresh blueberries, and blueberry syrup
  Waffles(v), 3.59
     -- Waffles, with your choice of blueberries or strawberries

DINER MENU, Lunch
---------------------
  Vegetarian BLT(v), 2.99
     -- (Fakin') Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat
  BLT, 2.99
     -- Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat
  Soup of the day, 3.29
     -- A bowl of the soup of the day, with a side of potato salad
  Hotdog, 3.05
     -- A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese
  Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice(v), 3.99
     -- A medly of steamed vegetables over brown rice
  Pasta(v), 3.89
     -- Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread
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