HAProxy提供高可用性、负载均衡以及基于TCP和HTTP应用的代理，支持虚拟主机，它是免费、快速并且可靠的一种解决方案。HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点，这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在时下的硬件上，完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中， 同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。
HAProxy实现了一种事件驱动、单一进程模型，此模型支持非常大的并发连接数。多进程或多线程模型受内存限制 、系统调度器限制以及无处不在的锁限制，很少能处理数千并发连接。事件驱动模型因为在有更好的资源和时间管理的用户端(User-Space) 实现所有这些任务，所以没有这些问题。此模型的弊端是，在多核系统上，这些程序通常扩展性较差。这就是为什么他们必须进行优化以 使每个CPU时间片(Cycle)做更多的工作。
实验环境3台服务器2台apache后端，1个haproxy前端
192.168.1.107充当外网IP，10.0.0.3是连接内网的网卡 apache1和apache2的网关指向10.0.0.3
安装HAproxy 我的系统是centos6.5 64 位，默认自带有haproxy软件，当然你也可以源码编译，我这块为方便就yum啦
yum install haproxy 就OK了
装完之后可以查看装了那些文件
Installed:
haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.24-2.el6
Complete!
[root@tomcat2 ~]# rpm -q haproxy
haproxy-1.4.24-2.el6.x86_64
[root@tomcat2 ~]# rpm -ql haproxy
/etc/haproxy
/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
/etc/logrotate.d/haproxy
/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy
/usr/bin/halog
/usr/sbin/haproxy
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.24
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.24/CHANGELOG
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.24/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.24/README
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.24/acl-content-sw.cfg
......配置之前备份配置文件
[root@tomcat2 ~]# cd /etc/haproxy/
[root@tomcat2 haproxy]# cp haproxy.cfg haproxy.cfg.bak
[root@tomcat2 haproxy]# ls
haproxy.cfg haproxy.cfg.bak修改
[root@tomcat2 haproxy]# vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
根据配置文件提示加上-r
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 2 -r"在/etc/rsyslog.cnf
vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
local2.*
root@tomcat2 haproxy]# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart
关闭系统日志记录器： [确定]
启动系统日志记录器： [确定] /var/log/hapeoxy.log修改配置文件如下
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
listen stats
mode http
bind 0.0.0.0:1080
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
frontend web
bind *:80
mode http
log global
option httpclose
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
default_backend servers
backend servers
balance roundrobin
server apache1 10.0.0.1:80 check maxconn 2000
server apache2 10.0.0.2:80 check maxconn 2000重启服务
[root@tomcat2 haproxy]# /etc/init.d/haproxy restart
停止 haproxy： [确定]
正在启动 haproxy： [确定]
[root@tomcat2 haproxy]# netstat -antlp | grep haproxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2029/haproxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2029/haproxy测试
http://192.168.1.107
在刷新
表示ok负载均衡！
访问haproxy后台管理
http://192.168.1.107:1080/haproxyadmin?stats
用户名密码admin
感觉和lvs nat模型一样
haproxy也可以代理其他tcp端口提供的服务代理mysql如下配置
负载均衡MySQL服务的配置示例
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
defaults
mode tcp
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 600
listen stats
mode http
bind 0.0.0.0:1080
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
frontend mysql
bind *:3306
mode tcp
log global
default_backend DBservers
backend DBservers
balance leastconn
server db1 10.0.0.1:3306 check port 3306 intval 2 rise 1 fall 2 maxconn 300
server db2 10.0.0.2:3306 check port 3306 intval 2 rise 1 fall 2 maxconn 300
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