PBR实验

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-10 23:02:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-10 23:02:51 发布

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原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/xmw80888/151759

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路由综合实验：PBR的部署实施
一、实验目的：
（1）掌握PBR的配置并实现路由选路
（2）深入理解PBR的原理
（3）结合ACL理解路由器的体系结构及选路原理
（4）体会高级路由控制在实际工程中的应用

二、拓扑结构：

三、实验步骤
（1）链路配置：
对照拓扑图依次对R1、R2、R3、R4作链路配置，配置完毕查看接口状态.

注意：对R2、R3的S0/1配置100的cost值,S0/2配置200的cost值，构建备份链路。本实验的直接目的是使R1的172.16.1.0网段与R4的4.4.4.4互访时经过192.168.2.4网段，即通过备份链路来通信，途径192.168.2.6和192.168.2.5。实验中用ping来模拟二者的互访过程。

R2(config)#inter s0/1
R2(config-if)#ip ospf cost 100

R2(config)#inter s0/2
R2(config-if)#ip ospf cost 200

R1(config)#do show ip inter br
Interface          IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Serial0/0          192.168.1.1     YES NVRAM up                    up
Serial0/1          unassigned      YES NVRAM administratively down   down
Serial0/2          unassigned      YES NVRAM administratively down   down
Serial0/3          unassigned      YES NVRAM administratively down   down
Ethernet1/0        172.16.1.10     YES NVRAM up                    up
Ethernet1/1        172.16.2.20     YES NVRAM up                    up
Ethernet1/2        unassigned      YES NVRAM administratively down   down
Ethernet1/3        unassigned      YES NVRAM administratively down   down

（2）配置OSPF路由:
依照拓扑图对路由器进行多区域的OSPF路由配置
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#router-id 192.168.1.1
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 1
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 a 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 a 1
R1(config-router)#passive-inter e1/0
R1(config-router)#passive-inter e1/1

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 192.168.2.5
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 a 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.3 a 0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.4 0.0.0.3 a 0

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#router-id 192.168.3.1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.3 a 0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.4 0.0.0.3 a 0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3 a 2

R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 a 2
R4(config-router)#network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 a 2
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3 a 2
R1(config-router)#passive-inter lo 10
R1(config-router)#passive-inter lo 20

配置完毕查看路由表：

R1(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    3.3.3.3 [110/193] via 192.168.1.2, 00:25:30, Serial0/0
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    4.4.4.4 [110/193] via 192.168.1.2, 00:25:30, Serial0/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1
     192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
     192.168.2.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA    192.168.2.0 [110/128] via 192.168.1.2, 00:27:37, Serial0/0
O IA    192.168.2.4 [110/264] via 192.168.1.2, 00:27:37, Serial0/0
     192.168.3.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    192.168.3.0 [110/192] via 192.168.1.2, 00:25:51, Serial0/0

（3）分别在R2和R3的S0/0上配置实施PBR

        R2(config)#access-list 101 permit icmp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 4.4.4.4
        R2(config)#route-map NET-go permit 10//定义一个NET-go的route-map
        R2(config)#match ip address 101//匹配ACL101定义的IP包
        R2(config)#set ip next-hop 192.168.2.6//指定匹配ACL101的IP包的下一跳
        R2(config)#interface Serial0/0
        R2(config-if)#ip policy route-map NET-go//将PBR应用到接口上

        查看PBR配置：
        R2(config)#do show ip policy
Interface      Route map
Serial0/0      NET-go

        R3(config)#access-list 101 permit icmp host 4.4.4.4 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
        R3(config)#route-map NET-back permit 10
        R3(config)#match ip address 101
        R3(config)#set ip next-hop 192.168.2.5
        R3(config)#interface Serial0/0
        R3(config-if)#ip policy route-map NET-back

        查看PBR配置：
R3#show ip policy
Interface      Route map
Serial0/0      NET-back

（4）   调试配置后的运行结果：
        在R1上采用带源172.16.1.10 ping 4.4.4.4来调试，并用以下方法之一查看结果：
        ①trace route 4.4.4.4 source 172.16.1.10(需要IOS版本支持)
②在R2和R3上查看debug 信息

R1#ping 4.4.4.4 sour 172.16.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.1.10
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 124/148/172 ms

在R2和R3上查看debug 信息：

R2#debug ip policy
Policy routing debugging is on
R2#
*Mar 1 00:01:15.291: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:15.291: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, g=192.168.2.6, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:15.435: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:15.435: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, g=192.168.2.6, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:15.635: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:15.635: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, g=192.168.2.6, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:15.771: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy match
R2#
*Mar 1 00:01:15.771: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, g=192.168.2.6, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:15.883: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:15.883: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, g=192.168.2.6, len 100, FIB policy routed

R3#debug ip policy
Policy routing debugging is on
R3#
*Mar 1 00:01:12.319: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:12.319: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, g=192.168.2.5, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:12.499: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:12.499: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, g=192.168.2.5, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:12.687: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:12.687: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, g=192.168.2.5, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:12.839: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy match
R3#
*Mar 1 00:01:12.839: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, g=192.168.2.5, len 100, FIB policy routed
*Mar 1 00:01:12.943: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy match
*Mar 1 00:01:12.943: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, g=192.168.2.5, len 100, FIB policy routed

拓展调试：
①在R1上采用带源172.16.1.10 ping 3.3.3.3来调试

R1#ping 3.3.3.3 sour 172.16.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.1.10
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 108/137/220 ms

            debug信息：
            R2#
*Mar 1 00:05:58.355: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=3.3.3.3, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:58.579: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=3.3.3.3, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:58.683: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=3.3.3.3, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:58.839: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=3.3.3.3, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:58.931: IP: s=172.16.1.10 (Serial0/0), d=3.3.3.3, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding

R3#
*Mar 1 00:05:55.439: IP: s=3.3.3.3 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:55.607: IP: s=3.3.3.3 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:55.711: IP: s=3.3.3.3 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:55.863: IP: s=3.3.3.3 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:05:55.947: IP: s=3.3.3.3 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.1.10, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding

②在R1上采用带源172.16.2.20 ping 4.4.4.4来调试

R1#ping 4.4.4.4 source 172.16.2.20

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.2.20
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/203/244 ms

debug信息：
R2#
*Mar 1 00:10:44.651: IP: s=172.16.2.20 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:44.915: IP: s=172.16.2.20 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:45.107: IP: s=172.16.2.20 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:45.299: IP: s=172.16.2.20 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:45.515: IP: s=172.16.2.20 (Serial0/0), d=4.4.4.4, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding

R3#
*Mar 1 00:10:41.719: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.2.20, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:41.983: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.2.20, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:42.151: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.2.20, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:42.391: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.2.20, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding
*Mar 1 00:10:42.587: IP: s=4.4.4.4 (Serial0/0), d=172.16.2.20, len 100, FIB policy rejected(no match) - normal forwarding

四、技术要点总结：
PBR主要用于基于流或源的路由选择，是路由器转发层面的行为。PBR通过Acl来确定信源，并根据信源来作路由选择，即从源IP上实现路由选择。因此只需应用在数据入口上，无需像Acl一样指定方向。一般情况下应尽量少用，除非通过其它方式无法实现预期目的。此外，本实验中还可以在匹配IP的同时匹配ping包的大小，如对长度为0～200的ping包应用PBR（默认长度为100），则需要作以下配置：
Match ip address 101
Match length 0 200

这样在作扩展ping测试时通过指定ping包大小来验证PBR，0～200的ping包会应用PBR，途径192.168.2.6和192.168.2.5，而不在此范围中的ping包则会以普通方式转发。

PBR实施要点汇总：

利用Acl过滤数据包：
Access-list 1 permit 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255//定义特定的数据包
Access-list 101 permit tcp host 172.16.1.10 host 4.4.4.4 23

全局模式下定义策略路由：
Route-map PBR permit 10//定义一个叫PBR的route-map，10为编号
Match ip address 1//定义匹配的ip
Set ip next-hop 192.168.2.6//指定下一跳

将策略应用到数据入口接口上：
Interface S0/0
Ip policy route-map PBR//在数据入口接口上应用，不需要再指定in或out方向

查看PBR配置：
Show ip policy

验证PBR是否被成功应用：
Traceroute DestIP source SourIP
或者在应用PBR的设备上查看debug信息：
Debug ip policy
若应用成功，会出现以下信息：
FIB policy match//成功匹配PBR
g=192.168.2.5, len 100, FIB policy routed//应用策略路由，数据包走指定的下一跳

注：Traceroute DestIP source SourIP 命令在张选波老师的PBR实验文档中出现了，但是我的模拟器不支持带源的跟踪，估计是 IOS版本的问题。但是又不敢肯定，第一次自己编写实验文档，难免有疏忽甚至是错误，欢迎大家批评指正！

希望各路朋友在交流中不断成长、不断进步！

另外，借此机会感谢我们实验老师给我们这个自己编写实验文档的机会！

期待与大家交流，觉得实验文档有帮助的话可以下载附件。
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转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/xmw80888/151759