[Linux]pthread学习笔记

<UNIX环境高级编程（第二版）> 线程学习P287-P297

#include <pthread.h>
//新建线程
int pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict tidp, const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, void *(*start_rtn)(void *), void *restrict arg);

//线程终止
void pthread_exit(void *rval_ptr);//线程自身主动退出
int pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **rval_ptr);//其他线程阻塞自身，等待tid退出

//线程清理
void pthread_cleanup_push(void (*rtn)(void *), void *arg);
void pthread_cleanup_pop(int execute);

补充说明：

1. 线程创建

pthread_create()函数返回值0，表示创建成功，线程id保存载tidp中；失败则返回非零，需自行处理，不会修改errno值

2. 线程终止

a. 任一线程调用exit, _Exit, _exit都将导致整个进程终止；

b. 单个线程退出方式有三种：

　　1> 线程执行函数start_rtn()中使用return返回，返回值为线程退出码；

　　2> 被同一个进程的其他线程使用pthread_cancel()取消；

　　3> 线程自身调用了pthread_exit()；

说明：pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **rval_ptr)函数会阻塞调用线程，直到tid线程通过上述三种方式终止退出，且return/pthread_exit()方式会设置相应线程退出码rval_ptr，而pthread_cancel()取消的线程，将退出码设置为PTHREAD_CANCELED.

3. 线程清理处理程序（thread cleanup handler）

3.a> pthread_cleanup_push()与pthread_cleanup_pop()均为<pthread.h>中实现的宏定义，具体实现如下：

pthread_cleanup_push and pthread_cleanup_pop are macros and must always
   be used in matching pairs at the same nesting level of braces.  */
#  define pthread_cleanup_push(routine, arg) \
  do {									      \
    __pthread_cleanup_class __clframe (routine, arg)

/* Remove a cleanup handler installed by the matching pthread_cleanup_push.
   If EXECUTE is non-zero, the handler function is called. */
#  define pthread_cleanup_pop(execute) \
    __clframe.__setdoit (execute);					      \
  } while (0)

 可见push/pop中的{/}是一一对应的，因此pthread_cleanup_push/pop()也应一一对应出现，否则编译出错。

3.b> 当线程执行下列之一操作时调用清理函数，thread_cleanup_push由栈结构实现，注意清理程序调用的顺序，先入后出。

　　1: 调用pthread_exit()时，而直接return不会出发清理函数；

　　2: 相应取消请求pthread_cancel()时；

　　3: 使用非零execute参数调用pthread_cleanup_pop()时；

尤其需注意pthread_cleanup_pop()参数不同及此语句所处位置不同而有不同效果。

看此代码实例，注意return或pthread_exit()位置不同导致pthread_cleanup_pop()不同参数的效果变化。

#include <pthread.h>
void testPointerSize()
{
	void *tret;
	printf("size of pointer in x86-64：%d\n",sizeof(tret));	
	//result is 8 in x86-64.
	//which is 4 in x86-32.

	printf("size of int in x86-64：%d\n",sizeof(int));	
	//result is 4 in x86-64.
	//which is also 4 in x86-32.
}
void cleanup(void *arg)
{
	printf("cleanup:%s\n",(char *)arg);
}
void * thr_fn1(void *arg)
{
	printf("thread 1 start\n");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 1 first handler");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 1 second handler");
	if(arg)
		return ((void *)1);//arg !=0 ,return here.
//	return here will not triger any cleanup.
	pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
	pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
	return ((void *)2);//will not run this
}
void * thr_fn2(void *arg)
{
	printf("thread 2 start\n");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 2 first handler");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 2 second handler");
	pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
	pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
	return ((void *)2);
//	return here can triger cleanup second handler;
}

void * thr_fn3(void *arg)
{
	printf("thread 3 start\n");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 3 first handler");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 3 second handler");
	if(arg)
		pthread_exit((void *)3);
	//pthread_exit() here will triger both cleanup first&second handler.
	pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
	pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
	pthread_exit((void *)3);//wont run this
}
void * thr_fn4(void *arg)
{
	printf("thread 4 start\n");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 4 first handler");
	pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread 4 second handler");
	pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
	pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
	pthread_exit((void *)4);
	//pthread_exit() here will triger cleanup second handler.
}

int main(void)
{
	testPointerSize();
	int err;
	pthread_t tid1, tid2, tid3, tid4;
	void *tret;
	
	err = pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, thr_fn1, (void *)1);
	err = pthread_join(tid1,&tret);	
	printf("thread 1 exit code %d\n",(int)tret);
	
	err = pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, thr_fn2, (void *)2);
	err = pthread_join(tid2, &tret);
	printf("thread 2 exit code %d\n",(int)tret);

	err = pthread_create(&tid3, NULL, thr_fn3, (void *)3);
	err = pthread_join(tid3,&tret);	
	printf("thread 3 exit code %d\n",(int)tret);
	
	err = pthread_create(&tid4, NULL, thr_fn4, (void *)4);
	err = pthread_join(tid4, &tret);
	printf("thread 4 exit code %d\n",(int)tret);
}

 运行结果：

[root@hello testData]# ./test 
size of pointer in x86-64：8
size of int in x86-64：4
thread 1 start
thread 1 exit code 1
thread 2 start
cleanup:thread 2 first handler
thread 2 exit code 2
thread 3 start
cleanup:thread 3 second handler
cleanup:thread 3 first handler
thread 3 exit code 3
thread 4 start
cleanup:thread 4 second handler
thread 4 exit code 4

  由上述测试程序总结如下：

1> push与pop间的return，将导致清理程序不被触发；

2> 位于pop之后return，由pop的参数确定是否触发清理程序，非零参数触发，零参数不触发；

3> push/pop间的pthread_exit()，将触发所有清理函数；

4>位于pop之后的pthread_exit()时，pop参数决定是否触发清理程序；

其实，上述四种情况只是测试验证了前文3.b所说三个条件，加深理解。

 

参考文献：

1. Posix线程编程指南(4)

2. <UNIX环境高级编程（第2版）> P295-296程序

3. pthread_cleanup_push()/pthread_cleanup_pop()的详解

4. Linux中vim的列编辑实例 （Mark记录）

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xfiver/archive/2013/01/23/2873725.html