LAMP编译安装与优化

weixin_34419321

于 2014-01-10 18:03:56 发布

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原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/flfeiyu/1350472

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LAMP编译安装

一、服务器环境

[root@fang ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga)

[root@fang ~]# uname -a

Linux fang 2.6.18-308.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jan 27 17:21:15 EST 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

二、基础环境安装

yum install gcc gcc-c++ bison autoconf automake zlib-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel

三、APACHE安装

1、下载并解压

wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.26.tar.gz

tar xzvf httpd-2.2.26.tar.gz

cd httpd-2.2.26

2、编译安装

./configure \

-prefix=/data/apache \

-enable-module=so \

-enable-deflate=shared \

-enable-rewrite=shared \

-enable-cache \

-enable-file-cache \

-with-mpm=worker \

-enable-threads \

Make && make install

相对来说，prefork方式速度要稍高于worker，然而它需要的cpu和memory资源也稍多于woker。

3、启动apache服务

./apachectl start

启动报错：httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name,

using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName

4、修改配置文件

vi httpd.conf

#ServerName www.example.com:80

ServerName localhost:80

5、重新启动apache服务

[root@hrd bin]# ./apachectl start

[root@hrd bin]# ps -ef|grep httpd

root 5189 1 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /data/apache/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 5190 5189 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /data/apache/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 5191 5189 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /data/apache/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 5193 5189 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /data/apache/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 5195 5189 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /data/apache/bin/httpd -k start

root 5276 14464 0 16:04 pts/1 00:00:00 grep httpd

如上表示启动成功。

6、配置虚拟站点

a.开启虚拟站点功能。取消Incldue前的注释#

[root@hrd conf]# grep vhost httpd.conf

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

b.配置虚拟站点配置文件

cd /data/apache/conf/extra

<VirtualHost *:80> 端口为80

ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com 管理员邮箱

DocumentRoot "/home/www/wwwroot" 站点目录

ServerName fang.com 站点域名

ServerAlias www.fang.com 站点别名

ErrorLog "logs/fang-error_log" 站点错误日志

CustomLog "logs/fang-access_log" common 站点日志

</VirtualHost>

C.创建网站目录和首页文件

Mkdir www

Echo www >index.html

7、重启apache服务，并检查授权文件

[root@hrd bin]# ./apachectl graceful

[root@hrd bin]# vi httpd.conf

<Directory /home/www/wwwroot> 网站目录

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None 浏览目录

Order allow,deny 允许访问

Allow from all

</Directory>

8、域名访问显示正常

四、apache优化

1、启用网站缓存功能

如果已经编译完成，没有编译mod_expires参数，手工添加

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs

-i -a -c /usr/local/soft/httpd-2.2.26/modules/metadata/mod_expires.c

chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_expires.so

2、检查是否安装成功

[root@fang conf]# grep mod_expires.so httpd.conf

LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so

3、添加缓存文件类型到配置文件，缓存时间设置为1年

ExpiresActive On 激活缓存功能
ExpiresDefault "access plus 12 month"
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 12 months" 文本
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 12 months" 样式
ExpiresByType p_w_picpath/gif "access plus 12 months" 动态
ExpiresByType p_w_picpath/jpeg "access plus 12 months" 图片
ExpiresByType p_w_picpath/jpg "access plus 12 months" 图片
ExpiresByType p_w_picpath/png "access plus 12 months" 图片
EXpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 12 months"
EXpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 12 months"
ExpiresByType video/x-flv "access plus 12 months"

</IfModule>

4、启动网站压缩功能

如果已经编译完成，没有编译mod_expires参数，手工添加

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -i -a -c

/usr/local/soft/httpd-2.2.26/modules/filters/mod_deflate.c

chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_deflate.so

5、检查是否安装成功

[root@fang conf]# grep mod_deflate.so httpd.conf

LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so

6、添加压缩文件类型到配置文件

DeflateCompressionLevel 3

SetOutputFilter DEFLATE

BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html

BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip

BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html

SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary

Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary

</ifmodule>

7、检查配置文件时报错

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t

Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not includedin the server configuration

原因：是因为LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so

这个模块没有加载

8、编译安装mod_headers.c

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs

-i -a -c /usr/local/soft/httpd-2.2.26/modules/metadata/mod_headers.c

9、重新启动apache

[root@fang ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t

Syntax OK

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful

10、测试压缩与缓存，如下图，压缩率为3倍，缓存时间为一年

五、MYSQL安装与优化

1、MYSQL下载地址http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/

2、下载源码包 wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.34.tar.gz

3、MYSQL5.5X以上版本均采用CMAKE安装方式，需要先安装CMAKE工具

#wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.1.tar.gz

# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.12.1.tar.gz

# cd cmake-2.8.12.1

# ./configure

# make

# make install

3、解压源码包并进入目录

tar xzvf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64

4、确认编译环境是否具备

yum -y install gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libgcrypt* libtool*

安装目录mkdir /usr/local/mysql

数据存储mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

6、创建用户和用户组与赋予数据存放目录权限

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql

7、进行编译安装，配置编译参数

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.sock \

-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

make && make install

8、初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \

--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf \

--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \

--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data \

--user=mysql

9、复制配置文件到/etc目录下并初始化数据库

cp /data/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

10、配置启动脚本

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

11、赋权并修改MYSQL启动位置

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/

12、启动数据库并配置数据库密码

service mysql start

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

[root@hrd ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

mysql>

或者修改密码

UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("new password") WHERE user='root';

13、授权用户本地与远程访问数据库的权限

grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'hrdtech2013';

flush privileges;

14、my.cnf优化

[client]

#password = your_password

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.sock

default-character-set = utf8

# The MySQL server

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.sock

character-set-server=utf8

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/hrd.pid

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 256M

max_allowed_packet = 4M

table_open_cache = 1024

sort_buffer_size = 2M

net_buffer_length = 8K

read_buffer_size = 1M

tmp_table_size = 16M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

back_log = 200

skip-name-resolve

max_connections = 1000

wait_timeout = 120

thread_concurrency = 8

long_query_time = 2

slow-query_log

slow-query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data/slow.log

lower_case_table_names = 1

15、mysql字符集优化

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'CHARACTER%'; 查看字符环境

六、PHP安装与配置

1、安装PHP需要的支持文件，检查编译环境

[root@fang soft]# rrpm -qa zlib-devel libxm12-devel libjpeg-devel

freetype-devel

libjpeg-devel-6b-37

zlib-devel-1.2.3-4.el5

freetype-devel-2.2.1-28.el5_7.2

libjpeg-devel-6b-37

freetype-devel-2.2.1-28.el5_7.2

2、下载并安装libconv

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

tar xzvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.14

./configure

make && make install

3、安装并编译PHP

wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.4.23.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

tar xzvf php-5.4.23.tar.gz

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
--with-jpeg-dir \

--with-freetype-dir \

--with-libXML-dir \

--with-png-dir \

--with-zlib \

--enable-pdo \

--with-pdo-mysql \

--with-mysql

Make && make install

4、增加apache支持PHP配置文件

在/usr/local/apahce/conf/httpd.conf中173行添加首页支持类型

DirectoryIndex index.html index.shtml index.cgi index.php index.phtm

在httpd.conf结尾增加如下内容支持PHP

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

5、复制配置文件到PHP目录下

/usr/local/soft/php-5.4.23/cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

6、修改默认用户，在配置文件72和73行

cd /usr/local/apache/conf/

vi httpd.conf

useradd ett -M -s /sbin/nologin

grep ett /etc/passwd

7、创建php测试文件，测试php正常访问

[root@fang www]# cat index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

8、创建PHP连接MYSQL测试文件

cd www

vi testmysql.php

<?php

#this scripts is created by fang

//$link_id=mysql_connect('主机名','用户','密码');

$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost','root','123456') or mysql_error();

//$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost','test','');

if($link_id){

echo "mysql successful by oldboy !";

}else{

echo mysql_error();

}

9、打开浏览器http:192.168.1.200/testmysql.php，返回mysql successful by oldboy !

表示Php连接mysql成功

七、PHP扩展

1、memcahe缓存扩展

memcache 的工作就是在专门的机器的内存里维护一张巨大的 hash 表，来存储经常被读写的一些数组与文件，从而极大的提高网站的运行效率，减轻后端数据库的读写压力。

2、下载并安装

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.6.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.6

3、检查PHP是否支持

[root@fang memcache-2.2.6]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize

Configuring for:

PHP Api Version: 20100412

Zend Module Api No: 20100525

Zend Extension Api No: 220100525

4、进行编译安装

[root@fang memcache-2.2.6]#

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache

Make && make install

安装时报/usr/local/soft/memcache-2.2.6/memcache.c:2232: 错误：提供给函数 ‘zend_list_insert’ 的实参太少

打开memcache.c文件，

将所有的：zend_list_insert(pool, le_memcache_pool);

改为：zend_list_insert(pool, le_memcache_pool TSRMLS_CC);

保存，退出继续编译，成功搞定。

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/

5、安装测试make test

6、在php.ini中添加memcahe扩展

将729行扩展目录地址修改如下：

extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/"

在尾行添加扩展

extension = "memcache.so"

7、重启apache，然后再访问phpinfo.php 就看到支持memcahe了

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/flfeiyu/1350472

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LAMP编译安装与优化

LAMP编译安装一、服务器环境 [root@fang ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga) [root@fang ~]# uname -a Linux fang 2.6.18-308.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jan 27 17:...
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