linux下pg数据库备份,Linux下的pg_dump周期性备份

OS: CentOS

DB: PostgreSQL9.3 , OS user: postgres

一、编写pg_dump备份脚本:

# get the day of week 1-7 starting mon=1

DOW=`date +"%u"`

# define variables

DB_INSTALL_DIR='/opt/PostgreSQL/9.3'

# DB_TYPE='PostgreSQL'

# DB_SERVER='127.0.0.1'

# DB_PORT='5432'

DB_INSTANCE='mydb'

DB_USER='postgres'

DB_PASSWORD='postgres'

DB_STORAGE='/home/postgres/backup'

# specify the postgres password in the PGPASSWORD var

# for pg_dump not to prompt for a password

export PGPASSWORD=$DB_PASSWORD

# change to the bin dir

cd $DB_INSTALL_DIR/bin

# run pg_dump

./pg_dump -f $DB_STORAGE/${DOW}-mydb.sql -U $DB_USER -F p -a $DB_INSTANCE

将以上脚本保存到/home/postgres/backup/backup.sh。

二、设置脚本执行计划(定时或周期性)：

每个用户都有各自不同的计划任务列表，用各自的帐户su username登录后，

执行crontab -l命令可查看到各任务的计划任务情况，

执行crontab -e进入vi模式，可以修改自己的计划任务，

每次添加完任务后，一定要service crond restart重新启动crond服务，否则任务不会生效；如果当前用户没有权限重启任务，可以切换到root用户再进行重启服务。

之后系统会按照设置定时或者周期地执行执行脚本。

su postgres

crontab -l

crontab -e

进入vi模式，添加相应的脚本执行计划，如：

*/2 * * * * root run-parts /home/postgres/backup/backup.sh 表示每隔2分钟执行一次backup.sh ，即每隔2分钟备份一次；

或者 0 2 * * * root run-parts /home/postgres/backup/backup.sh 表示每天的2点执行一次backup.sh ，即每天2点备份一次。

su root

service crond restart

附注：

1.设置shell脚本定期执行

通过crontab -e 添加的内容，实际上是在/var/spool/cron目录下，生成了一个名为操作系统用户名(此处为postgres)的文件，其内容就是crontab -e添加的内容(此处为*/2 * * * * root run-parts /home/postgres/backup/backup.sh)。

2.crontabusage:crontab [-u user] file

crontab [-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]

(default operation is replace, per 1003.2)

-e (edit user’s crontab)

-l (list user’s crontab)

-r (delete user’s crontab)

-i (prompt before deleting user’s crontab)

-s (selinux context)

3.pg_dumpUsage:

pg_dump [OPTION]… [DBNAME]

General options:

-f, –file=FILENAME output file or directory name

-F, –format=c|d|t|p output file format (custom, directory, tar,

plain text (default))

-j, –jobs=NUM use this many parallel jobs to dump

-v, –verbose verbose mode

-V, –version output version information, then exit

-Z, –compress=0-9 compression level for compressed formats

–lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock

-?, –help show this help, then exit

Options controlling the output content:

-a, –data-only dump only the data, not the schema

-b, –blobs include large objects in dump

-c, –clean clean (drop) database objects before recreating

-C, –create include commands to create database in dump

-E, –encoding=ENCODING dump the data in encoding ENCODING

-n, –schema=SCHEMA dump the named schema(s) only

-N, –exclude-schema=SCHEMA do NOT dump the named schema(s)

-o, –oids include OIDs in dump

-O, –no-owner skip restoration of object ownership in

plain-text format

-s, –schema-only dump only the schema, no data

-S, –superuser=NAME superuser user name to use in plain-text format

-t, –table=TABLE dump the named table(s) only

-T, –exclude-table=TABLE do NOT dump the named table(s)

-x, –no-privileges do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)

–binary-upgrade for use by upgrade utilities only

–column-inserts dump data as INSERT commands with column names

–disable-dollar-quoting disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting

–disable-triggers disable triggers during data-only restore

–exclude-table-data=TABLE do NOT dump data for the named table(s)

–inserts dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY

–no-security-labels do not dump security label assignments

–no-synchronized-snapshots do not use synchronized snapshots in parallel jobs

–no-tablespaces do not dump tablespace assignments

–no-unlogged-table-data do not dump unlogged table data

–quote-all-identifiers quote all identifiers, even if not key words

–section=SECTION dump named section (pre-data, data, or post-data)

–serializable-deferrable wait until the dump can run without anomalies

–use-set-session-authorization

use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of

ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership

Connection options:

-d, –dbname=DBNAME database to dump

-h, –host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory

-p, –port=PORT database server port number

-U, –username=NAME connect as specified database user

-w, –no-password never prompt for password

-W, –password force password prompt (should happen automatically)

–role=ROLENAME do SET ROLE before dump

If no database name is supplied, then the PGDATABASE environment

variable value is used.

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