php psr4和自动加载,PSR-0和PSR-4自动加载机制及composer自动加载

区别主要为：PSR0支持下划线(为了兼容5.2以前的第三方包，当时还没有命名空间，都是以下划线来区分的)，psr0中类名的下划线将会转化为目录层级和相应的命名空间，如一个叫Swift_mail的类名存在于./Swift/Mail.php文件中，并且命名空间为当前命名空间\Swift.

自动加载机制用的最多的便是composer。下面以workman为例，详解composer的使用方式：

在项目目录下执行composer require workerman/workerman

vendor目录结构如下图：

vendor/

├── autoload.php

├── composer

│ ├── autoload_classmap.php

│ ├── autoload_namespaces.php

│ ├── autoload_psr4.php

│ ├── autoload_real.php

│ ├── ClassLoader.php

│ ├── installed.json

│ └── LICENSE

└── workerman

└── workerman

├── Autoloader.php

├── composer.json

├── Connection

│ ├── AsyncTcpConnection.php

│ ├── ConnectionInterface.php

│ ├── TcpConnection.php

│ └── UdpConnection.php

├── Events

│ ├── EventInterface.php

│ ├── Event.php

│ ├── Ev.php

│ ├── Libevent.php

│ └── Select.php

├── Lib

│ ├── Constants.php

│ └── Timer.php

├── MIT-LICENSE.txt

├── Protocols

│ ├── Frame.php

│ ├── Http

│ │ └── mime.types

│ ├── Http.php

│ ├── ProtocolInterface.php

│ ├── Text.php

│ ├── Websocket.php

│ └── Ws.php

├── README.md

├── WebServer.php

└── Worker.php

对应的composer.json文件为：

{

"name" : "workerman/workerman",

"type" : "project",

"keywords": ["event-loop", "asynchronous"],

"homepage": "http://www.workerman.net",

"license" : "MIT",

"description": "An asynchronous event driven PHP framework for easily building fast, scalable network applications.",

"authors" : [

{

"name" : "walkor",

"email" : "walkor@workerman.net",

"homepage" : "http://www.workerman.net",

"role": "Developer"

}

],

"support" : {

"email" : "walkor@workerman.net",

"issues": "https://github.com/walkor/workerman/issues",

"forum" : "http://wenda.workerman.net/",

"wiki" : "http://doc3.workerman.net/index.html",

"source": "https://github.com/walkor/workerman"

},

"require": {

"php": ">=5.3"

},

"suggest": {

"ext-libevent": "For better performance."

},

"autoload": {

"psr-4": {"Workerman\": "./"}

},

"minimum-stability":"dev"

}

可以看出，vendor目录下面第一级为项目名workman/workman，在这层目录下面才是autoload里面注册的自动加载规则

composer.json中的autoload四种方式介绍

classmap

{ "classmap": ["src/"]}，会将src目录下的所有文件遍历生成map到vendor/composer/autoload_classmap.php中去

file(加载全局helper function)

{ "files": [ "path/to/file.php" ]}

psr-0

psr-4