php魔术方法 重载方法,php中重载与魔术方法的示例详解

定义：PHP 将所有以 (两个下划线)开头的类方法保留为魔术方法。所以在定义类方法时，除了上述魔术方法，建议不要以 为前缀。

作用：利用模式方法可以轻松实现PHP面向对象中重载(Overloading即动态创建类属性和方法)

其实很多博客主已经写过这些方法了、、、但是我还是要说一遍。。谁让你来听了呢，码这么多字也不容易看完再走吧！

1.construct，destruct

constuct构建对象的时被调用；

destruct明确销毁对象或脚本结束时被调用；class Foo {

private $name;

private $link;

public function construct($name) {

$this->name = $name;

}

public function destruct() {

echo 'Destroying: ', $this->name, PHP_EOL;//PHP_EOL代表php的换行符 }

}

打住，先安利一波重载的定义及使用方法：

定义：PHP所提供的"重载"(overloading)是指动态地"创建"类属性和方法。(我们是通过魔术方法(magic methods)来实现的)

作用：当调用当前环境下未定义或不可见的类属性或方法时，重载方法会被调用。后面将使用"不可访问属性(inaccessible properties)"和"不可访问方法(inaccessible methods)"来称呼这些未定义或不可见的类属性或方法。

注意：所有的重载方法都必须被声明为 public。

2.get、set、isset、unset、call、callStatic //为啥放一起呢？

set当给不可访问或不存在属性赋值时被调用

get读取不可访问或不存在属性时被调用

isset对不可访问或不存在的属性调用isset()或empty()时被调用

unset对不可访问或不存在的属性进行unset时被调用

call调用不可访问或不存在的方法时被调用

callStatic调用不可访问或不存在的静态方法时被调用

Example #1 使用 get()，set()，isset() 和 unset() 进行属性重载<?php

class PropertyTest {

/** 被重载的数据保存在此 */

private $data = array();

/** 重载不能被用在已经定义的属性 */

public $declared = 1;

/** 只有从类外部访问这个属性时，重载才会发生 */

private $hidden = 2;

public function set($name, $value)

{

echo "Setting '$name' to '$value'\n";

$this->data[$name] = $value;

}

public function get($name)

{

echo "Getting '$name'\n";

if (array_key_exists($name, $this->data)) {

return $this->data[$name];

}

$trace = debug_backtrace();

trigger_error(

'Undefined property via get(): ' . $name .

' in ' . $trace[0]['file'] .

' on line ' . $trace[0]['line'],

E_USER_NOTICE);

return null;

}

/** PHP 5.1.0之后版本 */

public function isset($name)

{

echo "Is '$name' set?\n";

return isset($this->data[$name]);

}

/** PHP 5.1.0之后版本 */

public function unset($name)

{

echo "Unsetting '$name'\n";

unset($this->data[$name]);

}

/** 非魔术方法 */

public function getHidden()

{

return $this->hidden;

}

}

echo "

\n";

$obj = new PropertyTest;

$obj->a = 1;

echo $obj->a . "\n\n";

var_dump(isset($obj->a));

unset($obj->a);

var_dump(isset($obj->a));

echo "\n";

echo $obj->declared . "\n\n";

echo "Let's experiment with the private property named 'hidden':\n";

echo "Privates are visible inside the class, so get() not used...\n";

echo $obj->getHidden() . "\n";

echo "Privates not visible outside of class, so get() is used...\n";

echo $obj->hidden . "\n";

?>

看完了吗？好好看！

5.sleep，wakeup

sleep当使用serialize时被调用，当你不需要保存大对象的所有数据时很有用

wakeup当使用unserialize时被调用，可用于做些对象的初始化操作<?php

class Connection

{

protected $link;

private $server, $username, $password, $db;

public function construct($server, $username, $password, $db)

{

$this->server = $server;

$this->username = $username;

$this->password = $password;

$this->db = $db;

$this->connect();

}

private function connect()

{

$this->link = mysql_connect($this->server, $this->username, $this->password);

mysql_select_db($this->db, $this->link);

}

public function sleep()

{

return array('server', 'username', 'password', 'db');

}

public function wakeup()

{

$this->connect();

}

}

?>

6.clone

进行对象clone时被调用，用来调整对象的克隆行为<?php

class SubObject

{

static $instances = 0;

public $instance;

public function construct() {

$this->instance = ++self::$instances;

}

public function clone() {

$this->instance = ++self::$instances;

}

}

class MyCloneable

{

public $object1;

public $object2;

function clone()

{

// 强制复制一份this->object， 否则仍然指向同一个对象

$this->object1 = clone $this->object1;

}

}

$obj = new MyCloneable();

$obj->object1 = new SubObject();

$obj->object2 = new SubObject();

$obj2 = clone $obj;

print("Original Object:\n");

print_r($obj);

print("Cloned Object:\n");

print_r($obj2);

?>

7.toString

当一个类被转换成字符串时被调用<?php

class SubObject

{

static $instances = 0;

public $instance;

public function construct() {

$this->instance = ++self::$instances;

}

public function clone() {

$this->instance = ++self::$instances;

}

}

class MyCloneable

{

public $object1;

public $object2;

function clone()

{

// 强制复制一份this->object， 否则仍然指向同一个对象

$this->object1 = clone $this->object1;

}

}

$obj = new MyCloneable();

$obj->object1 = new SubObject();

$obj->object2 = new SubObject();

$obj2 = clone $obj;

print("Original Object:\n");

print_r($obj);

print("Cloned Object:\n");

print_r($obj2);

?>

8.set_state

当调用var_export()导出类时，此静态方法被调用。用set_state的返回值做为var_export的返回值。<?php

class A

{

public $var1;

public $var2;

public static function set_state($an_array) // As of PHP 5.1.0

{

$obj = new A;

$obj->var1 = $an_array['var1'];

$obj->var2 = $an_array['var2'];

return $obj;

}

}

$a = new A;

$a->var1 = 5;

$a->var2 = 'foo';

eval('$b = ' . var_export($a, true) . ';'); // $b = A::set_state(array(

// 'var1' => 5,

// 'var2' => 'foo',

// ));

var_dump($b);

?>