linux snapshot文件夹,linux lv snapshot

扩展所有可以vg空间给lv  lvextend -l +100%free /dev/vg01/lv01

[root@node2 ~]# lvcreate -L 300M -s -n lv01_snap /dev/vg01/lv01

[root@node2 ~]# lvscan

ACTIVE   Original '/dev/vg01/lv01' [6.00 GB] inherit

ACTIVE   Snapshot '/dev/vg01/lv01_snap' [300.00 MB] inherit

[root@node2 ~]# lvs

LV        VG   Attr   LSize   Origin Snap%  Move Log Copy%  Convert

lv01      vg01 owi-ao   6.00G

lv01_snap vg01 swi-a- 300.00M lv01     0.00

[root@node2 ~]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/vg01/lv01

VG Name                vg01

LV UUID                4tpV09-QXVs-Cw1K-wVh2-GREZ-gPfN-Xxnrsj

LV Write Access        read/write

LV snapshot status     source of

/dev/vg01/lv01_snap [active]

LV Status              available

# open                 1

LV Size                6.00 GB

Current LE             1536

Segments               2

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:0

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/vg01/lv01_snap

VG Name                vg01

LV UUID                sZUMpU-o2Bi-euaO-yUBm-cNRT-X13f-SchR61

LV Write Access        read/write

LV snapshot status     active destination for /dev/vg01/lv01

LV Status              available

# open                 0

LV Size                6.00 GB

Current LE             1536

COW-table size         300.00 MB

COW-table LE           75

Allocated to snapshot  0.00%

Snapshot chunk size    4.00 KB

Segments               1

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:1

[root@node2 ~]#

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lv01_snap

[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/vg01/lv01_snap /mnt/lv01_snap/

[root@node2 ~]# ls /mnt/lv01

etc  etc2  log  lost+found

[root@node2 ~]#

[root@node2 ~]# ls /mnt/lv01_snap/

etc  etc2  log  lost+found

测试一：修改原始卷：适合使用快照备份

＝＝＝建议快照卷不要挂载

[root@node2 ~]# umount /mnt/lv01_snap/

[root@node2 ~]# rm -rf /mnt/lv01/etc

[root@node2 ~]# lvs

LV        VG   Attr   LSize   Origin Snap%  Move Log Copy%  Convert

lv01      vg01 owi-ao   6.00G

lv01_snap vg01 swi-a- 300.00M lv01     0.23

[root@node2 ~]#

[root@node2 ~]# lvdisplay vg01/lv01_snap

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/vg01/lv01_snap

VG Name                vg01

LV UUID                sZUMpU-o2Bi-euaO-yUBm-cNRT-X13f-SchR61

LV Write Access        read/write

LV snapshot status     active destination for /dev/vg01/lv01

LV Status              available

# open                 0

LV Size                6.00 GB

Current LE             1536

COW-table size         300.00 MB

COW-table LE           75

Allocated to snapshot  0.23%

Snapshot chunk size    4.00 KB

Segments               1

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:1

[root@node2 ~]# cp -rf /etc/ /mnt/lv01/etc3

示例：脚本

1. 创建快照

2. 建议以只读的方式挂载快照卷

3. 备份软件读取快照卷的挂载点备份，例如需要30分钟

4. 备份结束后

卸载快照卷

删除快照卷

＝＝＝手工指定快照卷的大小：快照卷的大小要根据原卷的数据增长情况而定

测试二：修改快照卷：适合快速建立虚拟机，测试场景

＝＝＝建议原卷不要挂载

[root@node2 ~]# umount /mnt/lv01

[root@node2 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -s -n lv01_snap1 /dev/vg01/lv01

Logical volume "lv01_snap1" created

[root@node2 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -s -n lv01_snap2 /dev/vg01/lv01

Logical volume "lv01_snap2" created

[root@node2 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -s -n lv01_snap3 /dev/vg01/lv01

Logical volume "lv01_snap3" created

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lv01_snap1

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lv01_snap2

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lv01_snap3

[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/vg01/lv01_snap1 /mnt/lv01_snap1/

[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/vg01/lv01_snap2 /mnt/lv01_snap2

[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/vg01/lv01_snap3 /mnt/lv01_snap3

[root@node2 ~]# rm -rf /mnt/lv01_snap1/etc

[root@node2 ~]# rm -rf /mnt/lv01_snap2/etc2/

[root@node2 ~]# rm -rf /mnt/lv01_snap3/etc3/

[root@node2 ~]# umount /mnt/lv01_snap1

[root@node2 ~]# umount /mnt/lv01_snap2

[root@node2 ~]# umount /mnt/lv01_snap3

[root@node2 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv01_snap1

Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv01_snap1? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "lv01_snap1" successfully removed

[root@node2 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv01_snap2

Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv01_snap2? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "lv01_snap2" successfully removed

[root@node2 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv01_snap3

Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv01_snap3? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "lv01_snap3" successfully removed

利用快照卷快速建立虚拟机

＝＝＝虚拟机必须安装在lv上

[root@zzy ~]# virsh list --all

Id 名称               状态

----------------------------------

0 Domain-0             running

1 rhel5_8-1            闲置

2 rhel5_8-2            闲置

- rhel5_8              关闭安装在逻辑卷，母机(不要使用，保留最原始)

- rhel5_8-3            关闭

- rhel5_8-4            关闭

[root@zzy ~]# grep '^disk' /etc/xen/rhel5_8

disk = [ "phy:/dev/myvg/rhel5_8,xvda,w" ]

生成新虚拟机步骤：

1. 快照(生成虚拟机的磁盘文件)

[root@zzy ~]# lvs

LV        VG   Attr   LSize  Origin  Snap%  Move Log Copy%  Convert

rhel5_8   myvg owi-a- 19.53G

[root@zzy ~]# vgs

VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree

myvg   1   5   4 wz--n- 46.57G 19.23G

[root@zzy ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -s -n rhel5_8_snap10 /dev/myvg/rhel5_8

Logical volume "rhel5_8_snap10" created

2。生成新虚拟机的配置文件

[root@zzy ~]# cd /etc/xen/

[root@zzy xen]# ls

auto       rhel5_8-2  xend-config.sxp          xmexample2

qemu-ifup  rhel5_8-3  xend-pci-permissive.sxp  xmexample.hvm

rhel5_8    rhel5_8-4  xend-pci-quirks.sxp      xmexample.vti

rhel5_8-1  scripts    xmexample1

[root@zzy xen]# cp rhel5_8 rhel5_8_10

[root@zzy xen]# vim rhel5_8_10

name = "rhel5_8_10"＜＝＝修改

uuid = "2e99da65-8298-482a-8c09-3f6a9b3eb5bd"＜＝＝修改 uuidgen

maxmem = 512

memory = 512

vcpus = 1

bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub"

on_poweroff = "destroy"

on_reboot = "restart"

on_crash = "restart"

vfb = [ "type=vnc,vncunused=1,keymap=en-us" ]

disk = [ "phy:/dev/myvg/rhel5_8_snap10,xvda,w" ]＜＝＝修改成快照卷

vif = [ "mac=00:16:3e:0e:d1:7f,bridge=virbr0,script=vif-bridge" ]＜＝＝修改MAC (16进制 0-9,a-f)

[root@zzy xen]# virsh list --all

Id 名称               状态

----------------------------------

0 Domain-0             running

1 rhel5_8-1            没有状态

2 rhel5_8-2            没有状态

- rhel5_8              关闭

- rhel5_8-3            关闭

- rhel5_8-4            关闭

- rhel5_8_10           关闭

[root@zzy xen]#

[root@zzy xen]# virsh start rhel5_8_10

域 rhel5_8_10 已开始

[root@zzy xen]# virsh destroy rhel5_8_10

域 rhel5_8_10 被删除

[root@zzy xen]# virsh undefine rhel5_8_10

域 rhel5_8_10 已经被取消定义

[root@zzy xen]# lvremove /dev/myvg/rhel5_8_snap10

Do you really want to remove active logical volume rhel5_8_snap10? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "rhel5_8_snap10" successfully removed

＝＝snapshot自动增长＝＝

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf

snapshot_autoextend_threshold = 70

snapshot_autoextend_percent = 50

[root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/lvm2-monitor restart

Stopping monitoring for VG vg01:   1 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg01" unmonitored

[确定]

Starting monitoring for VG vg01:   1 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg01" monitored

[确定]

[root@node2 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -s -n lv01_snap /dev/vg01/lv01

Logical volume "lv01_snap" created

[root@node2 ~]# lvs

LV        VG   Attr   LSize   Origin Snap%  Move Log Copy%  Convert

lv01      vg01 owi-ao   6.00G

lv01_snap vg01 swi-a- 100.00M lv01     0.01