python2.7图像局部增强_python库skimage 实现图像直方图全局均衡化、局部均衡化

"""

============================

Local Histogram Equalization

============================

This example enhances an image with low contrast, using a method called *local

histogram equalization*, which spreads out the most frequent intensity values

in an image.

The equalized image has a roughly linear cumulative distribution function

for each pixel neighborhood.

The local version of the histogram equalization emphasized every local

graylevel variations.

"""

import numpy as np

import matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from skimage import data

from skimage.util.dtype import dtype_range

from skimage.util import img_as_ubyte

from skimage import exposure

from skimage.morphology import disk

from skimage.filters import rank

matplotlib.rcParams['font.size'] = 9

def plot_img_and_hist(image, axes, bins=256):

"""Plot an image along with its histogram and cumulative histogram.

"""

ax_img, ax_hist = axes

# Make and return a second axes that shares the x-axis.

# The new axes will overlay ax (or the current axes if ax is None), and its ticks will be on the right.

ax_cdf = ax_hist.twinx()

# Display image

ax_img.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray)

ax_img.set_axis_off()

# Display histogram

ax_hist.hist(image.ravel(), bins=bins)

# Change the ScalarFormatter used by default for linear axes.

ax_hist.ticklabel_format(axis='y', style='scientific', scilimits=(0, 0))

ax_hist.set_xlabel('Pixel intensity')

xmin, xmax = dtype_range[image.dtype.type]

ax_hist.set_xlim(xmin, xmax)

# Display cumulative distribution

img_cdf, bins = exposure.cumulative_distribution(image, bins)

ax_cdf.plot(bins, img_cdf, 'r')

return ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf

# Load an example image

img = img_as_ubyte(data.moon())

# Global equalize

img_rescale = exposure.equalize_hist(img)

# Equalization

selem = disk(30)

img_eq = rank.equalize(img, selem=selem)

# Display results

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))

axes = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=np.object)

axes[0, 0] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 1)

axes[0, 1] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 2, sharex=axes[0, 0], sharey=axes[0, 0])

axes[0, 2] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 3, sharex=axes[0, 0], sharey=axes[0, 0])

axes[1, 0] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 4)

axes[1, 1] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 5)

axes[1, 2] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 6)

ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf = plot_img_and_hist(img, axes[:, 0])

ax_img.set_title('Low contrast image')

ax_hist.set_ylabel('Number of pixels')

ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf = plot_img_and_hist(img_rescale, axes[:, 1])

ax_img.set_title('Global equalise')

ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf = plot_img_and_hist(img_eq, axes[:, 2])

ax_img.set_title('Local equalize')

ax_cdf.set_ylabel('Fraction of total intensity')

# prevent overlap of y-axis labels

fig.tight_layout()

plt.show()