yum下的linux有趣的命令,linux下的yum命令是个好东西

yum的一点小用法；

1、查询软件包；

面对成千上万的软件，我们可能无从下手，有时也不知道它的文件名；这时就要用到查询；我们可以用 yum list 来列出yum升级源上的包有文件；然后我们再来查看 info

有以下几个组合可以用；比如；

[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more

加上一个管道 |，然后 more 一下，就能把所有的包分页显示出来。然后按一下空格键就能看下一页了。在显示的软件列表中，会有软件名称、版本、是否安装等；仔细的看一下吧。熟悉了就好了。也没有什么难的。

[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more

Setting up repositories

Reading repository metadata in from local files

Installed Packages

4Suite.i386 1.0-8.b1 installed

Canna.i386 3.7p3-13 installed

Canna-devel.i386 3.7p3-13 installed

如果想知道软件的详细信息，可能得用上info参数了。比如：

用法：

[root@localhost beinan]# yum info 软件名

比如：

[root@localhost beinan]# yum info bmp-mp3

Setting up repositories

updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00

extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00

base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00

freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00

Reading repository metadata in from local files

Installed Packages

Name : bmp-mp3

Arch : i386

Version: 0.9.7

Release: 1.2.fc4

Size : 234 k

Repo : freshrpms

Summary: MP3 playback plugin for the Beep Media Player

Description:

This package contains an MP3 playback plugin for BMP (Beep Media Player),

a media player that uses a skinned user interface based on Winamp 2.x skins,

and is based on ("forked off") XMMS.

在上面的例子中，如果Repo : freshrpms是这样的，表示您的系统没有安装这个软件，如果显示的是：Repo : installed，表示已经安装了。

查询软件包，也可以再加参数 grep ，比如我们想查询升级源上是否有内核的新版本，则我们可以用下面的命令查询；当然您也可以用

[root@localhost beinan]# yum search kernel |more ，也就是yum

–help提供的参数，也是一样的；

[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |grep kernel

我们看一下机器工作的结果，如下：

[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |grep kernel

GFS-kernel.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 installed

cman-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 installed

dlm-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 installed

gnbd-kernel.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 installed

kernel.i686 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed

kernel-devel.i686 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed

kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed

GFS-kernel.i586 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base

GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 updates-released

GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 updates-released

GFS-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base

GFS-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base

GFS-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 base

cman-kernel.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

cman-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

cman-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

cman-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

cman-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

cman-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

cman-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

dlm-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 updates-released

gnbd-kernel.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

gnbd-kernel.i586 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

gnbd-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

gnbd-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

gnbd-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 updates-released

kernel.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-devel.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-smp.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-smp-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-xen0-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

kernel-xenU-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released

上面的确显示出一大堆与内核有关的， installed表示我们的系统已经安装了；

咱们看前一列吧，看一下名字就能猜个差不多；比如 doc 肯定和内核文档有关了；smp是多处理器的内核；其它的我不懂了，请想知道的弟兄用 info来看吧。

比如我们用的机器是单处理器的X86机，想看一下是否有新内核可用。所以咱们试一下下面的这个。看是否已经有了新内核可以升级的；

[root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686

[root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686

Setting up repositories

updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00

extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00

base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00

freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00

Reading repository metadata in from local files

Installed Packages

Name : kernel

Arch : i686

Version: 2.6.11

Release: 1.1369_FC4

Size : 37 M

Repo : installed

Summary: Linux 内核(Linux 操作系统的核心)。

Description:

kernel 软件包包含 Linux 内核 (vmlinuz)，Red Hat Linux

操作系统的核心。内核处理操作系统的基本功能：

分配内存、处理分配、设备的输入和输出等等。

Available Packages

Name : kernel

Arch : i686

Version: 2.6.12

Release: 1.1398_FC4

Size : 14 M

Repo : updates-released

Summary: The Linux kernel (the core of the Linux operating system)

Description:

The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any

Linux operating system. The kernel handles the basic functions

of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device

input and output, etc.

通过上面的信息，我们可以看到 2.6.11的是已经安装了，因为已经显示的是Repo : installed ，下面还有一个Version: 2.6.12 ，告诉我们是Repo : updates-released，看来这个是升级用的了。

所以是否升级就看我们的了。

[root@localhost beinan]# yum update kernel

升级内核全景如下：

[root@localhost beinan]# yum update kernel

Setting up Upgrade Process

Setting up repositories

updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00

extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00

base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00

freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00

Reading repository metadata in from local files

Resolving Dependencies

--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.

---> Downloading header for kernel to pack into transaction set.

kernel-2.6.12-1.1398_FC4. 100% |=========================| 174 kB 00:18

---> Package kernel.i686 0:2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 set to be installed

--> Running transaction check