Kitten怎么转换为html,Kitten, G. T. | onAcademic

Pires, S. F.

DaRocha, W. D.

Freitas, J. M.

Oliveira, L. A.

Kitten, G. T.

Machado, C. R.

Pena, S. D. J.

Chiari, E.

Macedo, A. M.

Teixeira, S. M. R.

Different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi were transfected with an expression vector that allows the integration of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) genes into the P-tubulin locus by homologous recombination. The sites of integration of the GFP and RFP markers were determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analyses. Cloned cell lines selected from transfected epimastigote populations maintained high levels of fluorescent protein expression even after 6 months of in vitro culture of epimastigotes in the absence of drug selection. Fluorescent trypomastigotes and amastigotes were observed within Vero cells in culture as well as in hearts and diaphragms of infected mice. The infectivity of the GFP- and RFP-expressing parasites in tissue culture cells was comparable to wild type populations. Furthermore, GFP- and RFP-expressing parasites were able to produce similar levels of parasitemia in mice compared with wild type parasites. Cell cultures infected simultaneously with two cloned cell lines from the same parasite strain, each one expressing a distinct fluorescent marker, showed that at least two different parasites are able to infect the same cell. Double-infected cells were also detected when GFP- and RFP-expressing parasites were derived from strains belonging to two distinct T cruzi lineages. These results show the usefulness of parasites expressing GFP and RFP for the study of various aspects of T. cruzi infection including the mechanisms of cell invasion, genetic exchange among parasites and the differential tissue distribution in animal models of Chagas disease. (c) 2007 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Meah, Angela

Hockey, Jenny

Robinson, Victoria

Eslahchi, Changiz

Haghi, Shahab

Jafari Rad, Nader

A subset S of vertices in a graph G is called a total irredundant set if, for each vertex v in G, v or one of its neighbors has no neighbor in S - {v}. The total irredundance number, ir(G), is the minimum cardinality of a maximal total irredundant set of G, while the upper total irredundance number, TR(G), is the maximum cardinality of a such set. In this paper we characterize all cubic graphs G with ir(t)(G) = IRt(G) = 2.

S. Waheed

M. Zubair

The present paper is elaborated to discuss the energy condition bounds in a modified teleparallel gravity namely \(F(T,T_{G})\), involving torsion invariant \(T\) and contribution from a term \(T_{G}\), the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term. For this purpose, we consider flat FRW universe with matter contents as perfect fluid. We formulate the SEC, NEC, WEC and DEC in terms of some cosmic parameters including Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. By taking two interesting models for \(F(T,T_{G})\) and some recent limits of these cosmic parameters, we explore the constraints on the free parameters present in both assumed models. We also discuss these constraints graphically in terms of cosmic time by taking power law cosmology into account.

S. Waheed; M. Zubair

The present paper is elaborated to discuss the energy condition bounds in a modified teleparallel gravity namely F(T, T-G), involving torsion invariant T and contribution from a term T-G, the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term. For this purpose, we consider flat FRW universe with matter contents as perfect fluid. We formulate the SEC, NEC, WEC and DEC in terms of some cosmic parameters including Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. By taking two interesting models for F(T, T-G) and some recent limits of these cosmic parameters, we explore the constraints on the free parameters present in both assumed models. We also discuss these constraints graphically in terms of cosmic time by taking power law cosmology into account.

Jawad, Abdul

Rani, Shamaila

Chattopadhyay, Surajit

In this paper, we explore the reconstruction scenario of modified QCD ghost dark energy model and newly proposed \(f(T,T_{G})\) gravity in flat FRW universe. We consider the well-known assumption of scale factor, i.e., power law form. We construct the \(f(T,T_{G})\) model and discuss its cosmological consequences through various cosmological parameters such as equation of state parameter, squared speed of sound and \(\omega_{\mathit{DE}}-\omega '_{\mathit{DE}}\). The equation of state parameter provides the quintom-like behavior of the universe. The squared speed of sound exhibits the stability of model in the later time. Also, \(\omega_{\mathit{DE}}- \omega '_{\mathit{DE}}\) corresponds to freezing as well as thawing regions. It is also interesting to remark here that the results of equation of state parameter and \(w_{\mathit{DE}}-w'_{\mathit{DE}}\) coincide with the observational data.

Jawad, Abdul; Rani, Shamaila; Chattopadhyay, Surajit

In this paper, we explore the reconstruction scenario of modified QCD ghost dark energy model and newly proposed f (T, T-G) gravity in flat FRW universe. We consider the well-known assumption of scale factor, i.e., power law form. We construct the f (T, TG) model and discuss its cosmological consequences through various cosmological parameters such as equation of state parameter, squared speed of sound and w(DE) - w'(DE). The equation of state parameter provides the quintom-like behavior of the universe. The squared speed of sound exhibits the stability of model in the later time. Also, w(DE) - w'(DE) corresponds to freezing as well as thawing regions. It is also interesting to remark here that the results of equation of state parameter and w(DE) - w'(DE) coincide with the observational data.

Sharif, M.

Ikram, Ayesha

This paper explores the nonequilibrium behavior of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon of isotropic and homogeneous universe model in f (G, T) gravity (G and T represent the Gauss-Bonnet invariant and trace of the energy-momentum tensor, resp.). We construct the corresponding field equations and analyze the first as well as generalized second law of thermodynamics in this scenario. It is found that an auxiliary term corresponding to entropy production appears due to the nonequilibrium picture of thermodynamics in first law. The universal condition for the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics is also obtained. Finally, we check the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics for the reconstructed f (G, T) models (de Sitter and power-law solutions). We conclude that this law holds for suitable choices of free parameters.

Shamir, M. Farasat

This paper is devoted to investigating the recently introduced f (G, T) theory of gravity, where G is the Gauss-Bonnet term and.. is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. For this purpose, anisotropic background is chosen and a power law f (G, T) gravity model is used to find the exact solutions of field equations. In particular, a general solution is obtained which is further used to reconstruct some important solutions in cosmological contexts. The physical quantities like energy density, pressure, and equation of state parameter are calculated. A Starobinsky-like f(2) (G, T) model is proposed which is used to analyze the behavior of universe for different values of equation of state parameter. It is concluded that presence of term T in the bivariate function f (G, T) may give many cosmologically important solutions of the field equations.