linux6选择内核启动,升级CentOS 7.6.1810大版本内核｜修改内核启动默认顺序

在实验环境下，已安装了最新的CentOS 7.6操作系统，现在需要升级内核版本。

实验环境

CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

Kernel 3.10.0-957.10.1.el7.x86_64

载入elrepo源，搜索内核更新资源，并进行更新操作。

具体实验步骤：

# 载入公钥

Python

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

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[root@localhost~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

# 安装ELRepo

Python

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

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[root@localhost~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

# 载入elrepo-kernel元数据

Python

[root@localhost ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel repolist

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[root@localhost~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel repolist

# 查看可用的rpm包

Python

[root@localhost ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel list kernel*

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[root@localhost~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel list kernel*

# 安装最新版本的kernel

Python

[root@localhost ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml.x86_64

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[root@localhost~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml.x86_64

重启，选择新版本内核进入系统。

此时，操作系统使用的内核已升级为【5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64】

最后一步，需要将内核工具包一并升级

# 删除旧版本工具包

Python

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 kernel-tools.x86_64

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[root@localhost~]# yum remove kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 kernel-tools.x86_64

# 安装新版本工具包

Python

[root@localhost ~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml-tools.x86_64

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[root@localhost~]# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml-tools.x86_64

至此，已完成升级。

1，首先查看当前系统有几个内核。比如：

Python

[root@localhost ~]# cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep menuentry

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then

menuentry_id_option="--id"

menuentry_id_option=""

export menuentry_id_option

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd' {

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.10.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd' {

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd' {

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd' {

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd' {

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-b5adcba47ef3440c8ddb98ba96e19379) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-b5adcba47ef3440c8ddb98ba96e19379-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd' {

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[root@localhost~]# cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep menuentry

if[x"${feature_menuentry_id}"=xy];then

menuentry_id_option="--id"

menuentry_id_option=""

exportmenuentry_id_option

menuentry'CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)'--classcentos--classgnu-linux--classgnu--classos--unrestricted$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd'{

menuentry'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.10.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'--classcentos--classgnu-linux--classgnu--classos--unrestricted$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd'{

menuentry'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'--classcentos--classgnu-linux--classgnu--classos--unrestricted$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd'{

menuentry'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'--classcentos--classgnu-linux--classgnu--classos--unrestricted$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd'{

menuentry'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'--classcentos--classgnu-linux--classgnu--classos--unrestricted$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd'{

menuentry'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-b5adcba47ef3440c8ddb98ba96e19379) 7 (Core)'--classcentos--classgnu-linux--classgnu--classos--unrestricted$menuentry_id_option'gnulinux-0-rescue-b5adcba47ef3440c8ddb98ba96e19379-advanced-45ec2f3d-c5dc-4ab2-bb07-133b56e5b9dd'{

温馨提示：如果发现没有上面的那一项，请先执行下边命令生成grub配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

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[root@localhost~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

2，设置默认的启动内核。比如我们选择上边中的 CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)这个内核为默认启动。

Python

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)"

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[root@localhost~]# grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)"

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default “CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)”

验证是否修改成功：

Python

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-editenv list

saved_entry=CentOS Linux (5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)

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[root@localhost~]# grub2-editenv list

saved_entry=CentOSLinux(5.0.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64)7(Core)