Linux中gsub函数,awk函数sub/gsub

-bash-3.2$ awk '{ split( "20:18:00", time, ":" ); print time[2] }'

-bash-3.2$ awk '{ split( "20:18:00", time, ":" ); print time[2] }' feng.txt

18

18

18

18

18

18

-bash-3.2$ awk 'BEGIN{ split( "20:18:00", time, ":" ); print time[2] }'

18

-bash-3.2$ wc -l feng.txt

6 feng.txt

-bash-3.2$

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt

k   2012-1-3 13:00:46

a   2012-1-3 18:07:59

d   2012-1-3 18:07:59

b   2012-1-3 9:01:48

b   2012-1-3 13:00:46

b   2012-1-3 18:07:59

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{gsub(/2012/,"yangkai")print }'

awk: {gsub(/2012/,"yangkai")print }

awk:                        ^ syntax error

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{gsub(/2012/,"yangkai");print }'

k   yangkai-1-3 13:00:46

a   yangkai-1-3 18:07:59

d   yangkai-1-3 18:07:59

b   yangkai-1-3 9:01:48

b   yangkai-1-3 13:00:46

b   yangkai-1-3 1

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{{gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3}print }'

awk: {{gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3}print }

awk:                 ^ syntax error

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3};print }'

awk: {gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3};print }

awk:                ^ syntax error

awk: {gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3};print }

awk:                     ^ syntax error

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3}print }'

awk: {gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3}print }

awk:                ^ syntax error

awk: {gsub(/1/,"yk"),$3}print }

awk:                    ^ syntax error

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{gsub(/1/,"yk",$3);print }'

k 2012-1-3 yk3:00:46

a 2012-1-3 yk8:07:59

d 2012-1-3 yk8:07:59

b 2012-1-3 9:0yk:48

b 2012-1-3 yk3:00:46

b 2012-1-3 yk8:07:59

-bash-3.2$

sub函数匹配记录中最大、最靠左边的子字符串的正则表达式，并用替换字符串替换这些字符串。如果没有指定目标字符串就默认使用整个记录。替换只发生在第一次匹配的时候.

gsub函数作用如sub，但它在整个文档中进行匹配。

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{sub(/1/,"yk",$3);print }'

k 2012-1-3 yk3:00:46

a 2012-1-3 yk8:07:59

d 2012-1-3 yk8:07:59

b 2012-1-3 9:0yk:48

b 2012-1-3 yk3:00:46

b 2012-1-3 yk8:07:59

-bash-3.2$ cat feng.txt |awk '{sub(/1/,"yk");print }'

k   20yk2-1-3 13:00:46

a   20yk2-1-3 18:07:59

d   20yk2-1-3 18:07:59

b   20yk2-1-3 9:01:48

b   20yk2-1-3 13:00:46

b   20yk2-1-3 18:07:59

-bash-3.2$

length函数返回记录的字符数。

-bash-3.2$ awk 'BEGIN{print length("yangkai")}'

7

-bash-3.2$

awk  'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"}{if($3<=50)$3="500";print}