getcharcount+java,利用C#实现SSLSocket加密通讯的方法详解

前言

SSL Socket通讯是对socket的扩展，增加Socket通讯的数据安全性，SSL认证分为单向和双向认证。单向认证只认证服务器端的合法性而不认证客户端的合法性。双向认证是同时认证服务端和客户端。下面我分别说说使用C#实现单向认证和双向认证的过程，并用代码实现。

一、 单向认证

第1步：准备一个数字证书，可以使用如下脚本生成

先进入到vs2005的命令行状态，即:

开始–>程序–>Microsoft Visual Studio 2005–>Visual Studio Tools–>Visual Studio 2005 命令提示

键入: makecert -r -pe -n “CN=TestServer” -ss Root -sky exchange

说明：上面的指令将在创建一个受信任的根证书，

第2步创建服务器端程序，代码如下：

using System;

using System.ServiceModel;

using System.Net;

using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Net.Security;

using System.Text;

using System.Security.Authentication;

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

using System.IdentityModel.Tokens;

using System.IdentityModel.Selectors;

namespace ConsoleApp

{

public class Program

{

static X509Certificate serverCertificate = null;

public static void RunServer()

{

TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.25"), 901);

listener.Start();

while (true)

{

try

{

Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client to connect...");

TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();

ProcessClient(client);

}

catch

{

}

}

}

static void ProcessClient(TcpClient client)

{

SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false);

try

{

sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);

DisplaySecurityLevel(sslStream);

DisplaySecurityServices(sslStream);

DisplayCertificateInformation(sslStream);

DisplayStreamProperties(sslStream);

sslStream.ReadTimeout = 5000;

sslStream.WriteTimeout = 5000;

byte[] message = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the server.");

Console.WriteLine("Sending hello message.");

sslStream.Write(message);

Console.WriteLine("Waiting for client message...");

while (true)

{

string messageData = ReadMessage(sslStream);

Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", messageData);

if (messageData.ToUpper() == "EXIT")

break;

}

}

catch (AuthenticationException e)

{

Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);

if (e.InnerException != null)

{

Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);

}

Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");

sslStream.Close();

client.Close();

return;

}

finally

{

sslStream.Close();

client.Close();

}

}

static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)

{

byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];

StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();

int bytes = -1;

do

{

bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();

char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];

decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);

messageData.Append(chars);

if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("") != -1)

{

break;

}

}

while (bytes != 0);

return messageData.ToString();

}

static void DisplaySecurityLevel(SslStream stream)

{

Console.WriteLine("Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream.CipherAlgorithm, stream.CipherStrength);

Console.WriteLine("Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream.HashAlgorithm, stream.HashStrength);

Console.WriteLine("Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream.KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream.KeyExchangeStrength);

Console.WriteLine("Protocol: {0}", stream.SslProtocol);

}

static void DisplaySecurityServices(SslStream stream)

{

Console.WriteLine("Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream.IsAuthenticated, stream.IsServer);

Console.WriteLine("IsSigned: {0}", stream.IsSigned);

Console.WriteLine("Is Encrypted: {0}", stream.IsEncrypted);

}

static void DisplayStreamProperties(SslStream stream)

{

Console.WriteLine("Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream.CanRead, stream.CanWrite);

Console.WriteLine("Can timeout: {0}", stream.CanTimeout);

}

static void DisplayCertificateInformation(SslStream stream)

{

Console.WriteLine("Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream.CheckCertRevocationStatus);

X509Certificate localCertificate = stream.LocalCertificate;

if (stream.LocalCertificate != null)

{

Console.WriteLine("Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",

localCertificate.Subject,

localCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),

localCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());

}

else

{

Console.WriteLine("Local certificate is null.");

}

X509Certificate remoteCertificate = stream.RemoteCertificate;

if (stream.RemoteCertificate != null)

{

Console.WriteLine("Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",

remoteCertificate.Subject,

remoteCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),

remoteCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());

}

else

{

Console.WriteLine("Remote certificate is null.");

}

}

private static void DisplayUsage()

{

Console.WriteLine("To start the server specify:");

Console.WriteLine("serverSync certificateFile.cer");

}

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

try

{

X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root);

store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);

// 检索证书

X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "TestServer", false); // vaildOnly = true时搜索无结果。

if (certs.Count == 0) return;

serverCertificate = certs[0];

RunServer();

store.Close(); // 关闭存储区。

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

}

Console.ReadLine();

}

}

}

第3步，创建客户端代码

namespace ConsoleAppClient

{

using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.Net.Security;

using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Security.Authentication;

using System.Text;

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

namespace Examples.System.Net

{

public class SslTcpClient

{

private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable();

// The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.

public static bool ValidateServerCertificate(

object sender,

X509Certificate certificate,

X509Chain chain,

SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)

{

if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)

return true;

Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);

// Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.

return false;

}

public static void RunClient(string machineName)

{

// Create a TCP/IP client socket.

// machineName is the host running the server application.

TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName, 901);

Console.WriteLine("Client connected.");

// Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream.

SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate), null);

try

{

sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("TestServer");

}

catch (AuthenticationException e)

{

Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);

if (e.InnerException != null)

{

Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);

}

Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");

client.Close();

return;

}

// Encode a test message into a byte array.

// Signal the end of the message using the "".

byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.");

// Send hello message to the server.

sslStream.Write(messsage);

sslStream.Flush();

// Read message from the server.

string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream);

Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage);

messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("exit");

sslStream.Write(messsage);

sslStream.Flush();

// Close the client connection.

client.Close();

Console.WriteLine("Client closed.");

}

static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)

{

// Read the message sent by the server.

// The end of the message is signaled using the

// "" marker.

byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];

StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();

int bytes = -1;

do

{

bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

// Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8

// in case a character spans two buffers.

Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();

char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];

decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);

messageData.Append(chars);

// Check for EOF.

if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("") != -1)

{

break;

}

} while (bytes != 0);

return messageData.ToString();

}

private static void DisplayUsage()

{

Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:");

Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]");

Environment.Exit(1);

}

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

string machineName = null;

machineName = "192.168.1.25";

try

{

RunClient(machineName);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

}

Console.ReadLine();

}

}

}

}

运行效果如下图：

导致通讯失败可能问题如下：

1)证书没有导入到受信任的根证书列表中；2)证书失效；3)客户端在使用AuthenticateAsClient注册时没有正确使用服务器端证书名称。

二、 双向认证

第1步：创建所需证书，服务器端所需证书同单向认证中的创建过程

先进入到vs2005的命令行状态，即:

开始–>程序–>Microsoft Visual Studio 2005–>Visual Studio Tools–>Visual Studio 2005 命令提示

键入:

makecert -r -pe -n “CN=TestClient” -ss Root -sky exchange

第2步：创建服务端程序

服务端的程序同单向认证的服务器端代码

第3步：创建客户端程序

namespace ConsoleAppClient

{

using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.Net.Security;

using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Security.Authentication;

using System.Text;

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

namespace Examples.System.Net

{

public class SslTcpClient

{

private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable();

// The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.

public static bool ValidateServerCertificate(

object sender,

X509Certificate certificate,

X509Chain chain,

SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)

{

if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)

return true;

Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);

// Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.

return false;

}

public static void RunClient(string machineName)

{

// Create a TCP/IP client socket.

// machineName is the host running the server application.

TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName, 901);

Console.WriteLine("Client connected.");

// Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream.

SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate), null);

// The server name must match the name on the server certificate.

X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root);

store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);

检索证书

X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "TestClient", false);

try

{

sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("TestServer", certs, SslProtocols.Tls, false);

}

catch (AuthenticationException e)

{

Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);

if (e.InnerException != null)

{

Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);

}

Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");

client.Close();

return;

}

// Encode a test message into a byte array.

// Signal the end of the message using the "".

byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.");

// Send hello message to the server.

sslStream.Write(messsage);

sslStream.Flush();

// Read message from the server.

string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream);

Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage);

messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("exit");

sslStream.Write(messsage);

sslStream.Flush();

// Close the client connection.

client.Close();

Console.WriteLine("Client closed.");

}

static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)

{

// Read the message sent by the server.

// The end of the message is signaled using the

// "" marker.

byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];

StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();

int bytes = -1;

do

{

bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

// Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8

// in case a character spans two buffers.

Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();

char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];

decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);

messageData.Append(chars);

// Check for EOF.

if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("") != -1)

{

break;

}

} while (bytes != 0);

return messageData.ToString();

}

private static void DisplayUsage()

{

Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:");

Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]");

Environment.Exit(1);

}

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

string machineName = null;

machineName = "192.168.1.25";

try

{

RunClient(machineName);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

}

Console.ReadLine();

}

}

}

}

总结

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