英语动词(不同时态),可数名词(单复数)和形容词,副词(比较级,最高级)都要掌握词型变化。有些是有规则的,有些是不规则的。
下面为大家总结了所有中学阶段需要掌握的内容,方便大家记忆。
一、不规则动词表
1.A-A-A型(词型无变化的动词)
cut-cut-cut
let-let-let
hit-hit-hit
put-put-put
cost-cost-cost
hurt-hurt-hurt
read-read[red]-read[red]
2.A-A-B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beat-beat-beaten
3.A-B-A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come-came-come
become-became-become
run-ran-run
4.A-B-B型(动词的过去式与过去分词相同)
1)词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”
build-built-built
lend-lent-lent
send-sent-sent
spend-spent-spent
burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned
learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned
mean-meant-meant
2)把原形变为aught及ought的变化(如果原形有a则是aught,无a则是ought)
buy-bought-bought
bring-brought-brought
think-thought-thought
fight-fought-fought
catch-caught-caught
teach-taught-taught
3)eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词
keep-kept-kept
sleep-slept-slept
sweep-swept-swept
leave-left-left
say-said-said
meet-met-met
spell-spelt-spelt
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled
hold-held-held feel-felt-felt
4)其他
dig-dug-dug
find-found-found
stand-stood-stood
understand-understood-understood
get-got-got sit-sat-sat
spoil-spoilt-spoilt
have/has-had-had
sell-sold-sold
tell-told-told
hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung
hear-heard-heard make-made-made
pay-paid-paid
lay-laid-laid
lie(说谎)-lied-lied
lose-lost-lost
shine-shone/shined-shone/shined
win-won-won
shoot-shot-shot
5.A-B-C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)in、im的变化(i-a-u型)
sing-sang-sung
ring-rang-rung
begin-began-begun
drink-drank-drunk
swim-swam-swum
sink-sank-sunk
(2)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词
①ow及aw的变化(过去式以ew结尾,过去分词以wn结尾)
draw-drew-drawn
know-knew-known
throw-threw-thrown
blow-blew-blown
grow-grew-grown
fly-flew-flown
②元音是i的开音节的变化(过去分词以en结尾)
drive-drove-driven
rise-rose-risen
ride-rode-ridden
write-wrote-written
give-gave-given
③其他
see-saw-seen
eat-ate-eaten
take-took-taken
fall-fell-fallen
freeze-froze-frozen
show-showed-shown
break-broke-broken
speak-spoke-spoken
wake-woke-woken
choose-chose-chosen
forget-forgot-forgotten
lie(躺,放)-lay-lain
wear-wore-worn
be(am,is,are)-was/were-been
(3)其他
go-went-gone
do-did-done
6.有过去式,没有过去分词的动词
can-could
may-might
must-must
shall-should
will-would
二、不规则名词复数形式
1.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数
(1)加-s,如:
belief-beliefs
roof-roofs
gulf-gulfs
(2)去f,fe加-ves,如:
half-halves
knife-knives
leaf-leaves
life-lives
wolf-wolves
thief-thieves
self-selves
wife-wives
shelf-shelves
2.以-o结尾的名词,变复数
(1)加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos
(2)加es,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes
歌诀记忆:黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和马铃薯(potato)。除了这四个以-o结尾的名词加-es外,其余的以-o结尾的名词加-s。
3.表示“国家”的名词变复数
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen
German-Germans
Russian-Russians
Indian-Indians
Canadian-Canadians
American-Americans
4.以复数形式出现的名词
scissors剪刀 goods货物 trousers/pants/shorts裤子 clothes衣服 glasses眼镜
5.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
(2)news是不可数名词。
(3)the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。
6.由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数
如:man worker-men workers(男工人)
woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
7.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es。
baby-babies
city-cities
story-stories
party-parties
lady-ladies
diary-diaries
army-armies
century-centuries
copy-copies
8.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es。
class-classes
box-boxes
watch-watches
speech-speeches
bus-buses
brush-brushes
bench-benches
beach-beaches
boss-bosses
church-churches
9.其他不规则变化
man-men
woman-women
goose-geese
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
child-children
fish-fish
deer-deer
sheep-sheep
mouse-mice
fisherman-fishermen
[注]fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es构成其复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数同形;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。
三、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
ill worse worst
good better best
well better best
far farther farthest/further furthest
late later latest
little less least
many more most
much more most
old older oldest/elder eldest
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