php pdo简书,PDO学习

PDO(PHP Data Object)，数据库访问抽象层，统一各种数据库的访问接口。

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一、PDO连接数据库

1、通过参数形式连接数据库

try{

$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=article';

$username = 'root';

$password = '';

$pdo = new PDO($dsn,$username,$password);

var_dump($pdo);

}catch (PDOException $e){

echo $e->getMessage();

}

2、通过uri的形式连接数据库

try{

$dsn = 'uri:file://D:\wamp64\www\dsn.txt';

$username = 'root';

$password = '';

$pdo = new PDO($dsn,$username,$password);

var_dump($pdo);

}catch (PDOException $e){

echo $e->getMessage();

}

dsn.txt

mysql:dbname=article;host=localhost

3、通过配置文件连接数据库

try{

$dsn = 'imooc';

$username = 'root';

$password = '';

$pdo = new PDO($dsn,$username,$password);

var_dump($pdo);

}catch (PDOException $e){

echo $e->getMessage();

}

php.ini

pdo.dsn.imooc="mysql:host=localhost;dbname=article"

二、pdo方法

1、exec() 可以实现一次插入多条语句

try{

$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=article';

$username = 'root';

$password = '';

$pdo = new PDO($dsn,$username,$password);

// exec();执行一条sql语句并返回其受影响的记录的条数,如果没有受影响的记录，返回0

// exec对于select没有作用

$sql = <<< EOF

create table if not exists pdo_user(

id int unsigned auto_increment key,

username varchar(20) not null unique,

password char(32) not null,

email varchar(30) not null

);

EOF;

$res = $pdo->exec($sql);

var_dump($res); // int 0

$sql = "insert into pdo_user(username,password,email) values ('king','king','imooc@qq.com')";

$res = $pdo->exec($sql);

var_dump($res); // int 1

}catch (PDOException $e){

echo $e->getMessage();

}

2、lastInsertiId() 获得最后插入的Id号

3、errorCode() 返回上一次操作的SQLSTATE

4、errorInfo() 返回上一次操作的 错误信息

返回的错误信息的数组，数组中包含3个单元

0=>SQLSTATE,1=>CODE,2=>INFO

5、query() 返回一个PDOStatement对象

/**

* Created by PhpStorm.

* User: zhengjiayuan

* Date: 2018/7/14

* Time: 16:44

*/

header("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");

try{

$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=article','root','');

$sql = "select * from pdo_user where id = 1";

$stmt = $pdo->query($sql); // 执行失败返回 false

foreach ($stmt as $row){

print_r($row);

}

}catch (PDOException $e){

}

5、prepare() + execute()

header("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");

try{

$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=article','root','');

$sql = "select * from pdo_user where id = 1";

$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); // 执行失败返回 false 成功 PDOStatement对象

$res = $stmt->execute();// 成功返回 true 失败返回 false

if($res){

$row = $stmt->fetch(); // 索引加关联

print_r($row);

}

}catch (PDOException $e){

$e->getMessage();

}

6、getAttribute() ==== setAttribute()

$pdo->getAttribute(PDO:ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT); // 自动提交

常用属性

AUTOCOMMIT 自动提交

ERRMODE 错误处理模式

CASE 字段名称是否大小写

PERSISTENT 是否持久连接

TIMEOUT 超时设置

ORACLE_NULLS 返回空字符串返回sql的null

SERVER_INFO 错误信息

SERVER_VERSION 服务端版本

CLIENT_VAERSION 客户端版本

CONNECTION_STATUS 连接信息

7、quote() 返回待引号的字符串，过滤字符串中的特殊字符,防止sql注入

// ' or 1=1 #

$username = $pdo->quote($username);

// ' \' or 1=1 #'

$sql="select * from user where username = ${username} and password = '${password}'";

8、PDOStatement对象的方法:rouCount() : 对于select操作返回的结果集中记录的条数，对于Insert、Update、Delete返回受影响的记录的条数

9、预处理

用命名方式做占位符

$sql = "select * from user where username=:username and password=:password";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->execute(array(":username"=>$username,":password"=>$password));

用?做占位符

$sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password= ? ";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->execute(array($username,$password));

10、bindParam()绑定参数形式

用命名方式做占位符

$sql = "select * from user where username=:username and password =:password";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->bindParam(":username",$username,PDO::PARAM_STR):

$stmt->bindParam(":password",$password,PDO::PARAM_STR):

$stmt->execute();

用?做占位符

$sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password= ?;";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->bindParam(1,$username):

$stmt->bindParam(2,$password):

$stmt->execute();

11、bindValue()

用?做占位符

$sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password= ?;";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->bindValue(1,$username):

$stmt->bindValue(2,$password):

$stmt->execute();

用命名方式做占位符

$sql = "select * from user where username=:username and password =:password";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->bindValue(":username",$username):

$stmt->bindValue(":password",$password):

$stmt->execute();

12、bindColumn()

$sql = "select username,password from user ;";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->execute();

$stmt->bindColumn(1,$username):

$stmt->bindColumn(2,$password):

while($stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND)){

echo '用户名:'.$username;

echo '密码:'.$password;

}

13、columnCount() 返回结果集中的列数

$sql = "select username,password from user ;";

$stmt=$pdo->prepare($sql);

$stmt->execute();

echo '结果集中的列数：'.$pdo->columnCount();

14、错误处理模式

PDO::ERRMODE_SLIENT :默认模式，静默模式

PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING : 警告模式

PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION:异常模式

15、事务

image.png

try{

$options=array(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0)； // 关闭自动提交

$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=article','root','',$options);

// 开启事务

$pdo->beginTransaction();

$sql = "update userAccount set money=money-2000 where username = 'imooc' ;";

$res1 = $pdo->exec($sql);

if($res1 == 0 ){

throw new PDOException('imooc 转账失败');

}

$res2 = $pdo->exec("update userAccount set money = money + 2000 where username = 'king'");

if($res2 == 0) {

throw new PDOExcetpion('king 接收失败');

}

$pdo->commit();

}catch(PDOException $e){

// 失败回滚

$pdo->rollback();

$e->getMessage();

}