--添加用户和组
[[email protected] local]# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /opt/msyql mysql
--创建目录
[[email protected] local]# mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data,logs,tmp} -p
--做软链接到/usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] local]# ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.5.39-linux2.6-i686/ mysql
[[email protected] local]# ll -l mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Sep 24 00:12 mysql -> /opt/mysql/mysql-5.5.39-linux2.6-i686/
--赋权限
[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
--添加环境变量
[[email protected] local]# echo ‘export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin‘ >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] local]# cd mysql
--初始化数据库
[[email protected] mysql]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
Installing MySQL system tables...
140924 0:12:43 [Warning] options --log-slow-admin-statements, --log-queries-not-using-indexes and --log-slow-slave-statements have no effect if --log_slow_queries is not set
OK
Filling help tables...
140924 0:12:44 [Warning] options --log-slow-admin-statements, --log-queries-not-using-indexes and --log-slow-slave-statements have no effect if --log_slow_queries is not set
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h zlm password ‘new-password‘
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at
http://bugs.mysq?l.com/
--复制mysql.server文件到/etc/init.d/下并改名为mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
cp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysql‘? yes
--启动MySQL
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL...............The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid). [FAILED]
--查看错误日志error.log(如未在/etc/my.cnf中定义，默认格式为hostname.err)
[[email protected] local]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/
total 403024
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2824 Sep 24 00:13 error.log
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 104857600 Sep 24 00:13 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 104857600 Sep 24 00:13 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 104857600 Sep 24 00:13 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 97685504 Sep 24 00:13 ib_logfile2
drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Sep 24 00:12 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 24 00:12 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Sep 24 00:12 test
[[email protected] data]# cat error.log
140924 00:13:33 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
140924 0:13:33 [Warning] options --log-slow-admin-statements, --log-queries-not-using-indexes and --log-slow-slave-statements have no effect if --log_slow_queries is not set
140924 0:13:33 [Warning] Using unique option prefix myisam_recover instead of myisam-recover-options is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
140924 0:13:33 [Note] Plugin ‘FEDERATED‘ is disabled.
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB‘s own implementation
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
140924 0:13:33 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100
140924 0:13:40 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100
140924 0:13:43 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100
140924 0:13:44 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile2 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile2 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Progress in MB:140924 0:13:45 InnoDB: Error: Write to file ./ib_logfile2 failed at offset 0 97517568.
InnoDB: 1048576 bytes should have been written, only 167936 were written.
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2.
InnoDB: Check that your OS and file system support files of this size.
InnoDB: Check also that the disk is not full or a disk quota exceeded.
InnoDB: Error number 2 means ‘No such file or directory‘.
InnoDB: Some operating system error numbers are described at
InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/operating-system-error-codes.html
InnoDB: Error in creating ./ib_logfile2: probably out of disk space
140924 0:13:45 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB‘ init function returned error.
140924 0:13:45 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB‘ registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
140924 0:13:45 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
140924 0:13:45 [ERROR] Aborting
140924 0:13:45 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
140924 00:13:45 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid ended
--perror是用于查询Linux错误代码的命令
OS error code 2: No such file or directory
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
7.7G 7.3G 0 100% /--磁盘空间使用率100%，没有剩余空间了
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm
--关机添加磁盘
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /data --先删除掉现有的/data目录中全部数据，因为重新挂载后也会丢失的，提前先释放掉这部分空间
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 1305 10377990 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes--增加了1个5G的磁盘
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn‘t contain a valid partition table--还未分区
--对新添加的磁盘分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won‘t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
--查看磁盘信息
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 1305 10377990 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux--分完区了
--格式化ext3文件系统
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
655360 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data,logs,tmp} -p
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
7.7G 6.9G 398M 95% /--可以看到，重启完以后又释放了一部分空间
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /data--/data目录已经挂载到新增的5G磁盘上去了
--为了使挂载持久化，重启后依然不会丢失，需要修改/etc/fstab
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0
/data /dev/sdb1 ext3 defaults 0 0--在文件末尾加入这一行，指定挂载的目录与磁盘的对应关系
--重新创建/data下面的相关目录
total 1
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Sep 24 00:32lost+found
data]# rm -rf lost+found
total 0
[[email protected] data]# mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data,logs,tmp} -p
--重新赋权限后初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
注意必须是先给/data目录赋予权限后再初始化，否则会报错，因为/data目录是重新创建并挂载到sdb1磁盘分区上的
如：
Installation of system tables failed! Examine the logs in
/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data for more information.
--再次重启MySQL服务
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL........... [ OK ]
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
(testing)[email protected] [(none)]> exit
Bye
[[email protected] mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql
root 2744 0.4 0.1 4528 1276 pts/0 S 00:54 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid
mysql 3452 3.2 3.4 319580 35472 pts/0 Sl 00:55 0:03 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
--user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/error.log --open-files-limit=8192 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 3493 0.0 0.0 3912 672 pts/0 R+ 00:56 0:00 grep mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# mysqladmin shutdown
[[email protected] mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql
root 3501 0.0 0.0 3912 668 pts/0 R+ 00:56 0:00 grep mysql
第2种启动方式：
[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL...... [ OK ]
第3种启动方式：
[[email protected] mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 4612
[[email protected] mysql]# Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
STOPPING server from pid file /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid
140924 01:09:02 mysqld ended
这里启动失败了，查看error.log，提示说xxx参数设置得不合理，如：
[[email protected] mysql]# cat error.log
140924 01:03:00 mysqld started
140924 1:03:00 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable ‘slow_query_log_file=slow.log‘
140924 01:03:00 mysqld ended
140924 01:04:54 mysqld started
140924 1:04:54 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable ‘slow_query_log=0‘
140924 01:04:54 mysqld ended
140924 01:05:39 mysqld started
Unknown suffix ‘.‘ used for variable ‘long_query_time‘ (value ‘0.5‘)
140924 1:05:39 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Error while setting value ‘0.5‘ to ‘long_query_time‘
140924 01:05:39 mysqld ended
140924 01:06:26 mysqld started
140924 1:06:26 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable ‘min_examined_row_limit=100‘
140924 01:06:26 mysqld ended
140924 01:09:02 mysqld started
140924 1:09:02 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable ‘general_log_file=general.log‘
140924 01:09:02 mysqld ended
造成这个问题的原因其实是我之前在安装RHEL 5.3操作系统的时候，选了系统盘里自带的那个mysql-5.0.45-7.el5 rpm包引起的，即便已经删除掉了。这个rpm包安装后会拷贝mysqld到/usr/libexec/目录下，很多在MySQL 5.5中可以识别的参数，在MySQL 5.0中是不认的，所以造成启动失败，一直提示"unknown
variable"，比方说以下这些：
table_definition_cache
table_open_cache
slow_query_log_file
slow_query_log
long_query_time
min_examined_row_limit
...
解决办法：
--用新版本的mysqld可执行文件去覆盖掉原来/usr/libexec下的mysqld以后，就能用mysqld_safe & 的方式启动了
[[email protected] mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/libexec/mysqld
cp: overwrite `/usr/libexec/mysqld‘? yes
[[email protected] mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 4687 Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
这里会一直停在这一行，按ctrl+c可以重新返回到shell命令行
--查看mysql进程
[[email protected] mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql
root 4687 0.0 0.1 4484 1152 pts/0 S 01:10 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
mysql 4721 0.0 3.1 329828 32704 pts/0 Sl 01:10 0:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
--user=mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
root 4768 0.0 0.0 3912 668 pts/0 R+ 01:25 0:00 grep mysql
可以看到，用mysqld_safe方式，也已经启动成功了，注意，用这种方式启动，比单纯用mysqld方式启动要更佳，即使去kill掉mysqld的进程后，mysqld_safe可以保证mysqld进程重启
[[email protected] mysql]# ps aux | grep mysql
root 5134 0.5 0.1 4484 1152 pts/0 S 01:32 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
mysql 5171 2.4 3.1 319584 32708 pts/0 Sl 01:32 0:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
--user=mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
root 5193 0.0 0.0 3912 668 pts/0 R+ 01:32 0:00 grep mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# kill -9 5171
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: line 388: 5171 Killed nohup /usr/libexec/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
--user=mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock >> error.log 2>&1
Number of processes running now: 0
140924 01:32:54 mysqld restarted
按ctrl+c返回到shell命令行
[[email protected] mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 5134 2531 0 01:32 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
mysql 5205 5134 0 01:32 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
--user=mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/zlm.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
root 5229 2531 0 01:33 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
mysqld_safe进程依然还是5134，但刚才被kill掉的mysqld进程5171已经变成5205这个新的进程了，其实mysqld_safe就是mysqld的守护进程，用来保证mysqld的正常运行的，当我们执行mysqld_safe &来启动MySQL的时候，其实最终还是去调用mysqld这个命令的
原文：http://blog.csdn.net/aaron8219/article/details/39512165
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