导读
本文介绍Shell编程中read的用法
1、read基本读取
1 #!/bin/bash
2 #testing the read command
3
4 echo -n "Enter you name:" #echo -n 让用户直接在后面输入
5 read name #输入的多个文本将保存在一个变量中
6 echo "Hello $name, welcome to my program."
执行:
# ./read.sh
Enter you name: wangtao
Hello wangtao, welcome to my program.
2、read -p (直接在read命令行指定提示符)
1 #!/bin/bash
2 #testing the read -p option
3 read -p "Please enter your age: " age
4 days=$[ $age * 365 ]
5 echo "That makes you over $days days old!"
执行:
# ./age.sh
Please enter your age: 23
That makes you over 8395 days old!
3、read -p (指定多个变量)
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # entering multiple variables
3
4 read -p "Enter your name:" first last
5 echo "Checking data for $last, $first"
执行:
# ./read1.sh
Enter your name: a b
Checking data for b, a
4、read 命令中不指定变量,那么read命名将它收到的任何数据都放在特殊环境变量REPLY中
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # testing the REPLY environment variable
3
4 read -p "Enter a number: "
5 factorial=1
6 for (( count=1; count< = $REPLY; count++ ))
7 do
8 factorial=$[ $factorial * $count ] #等号两端不要有空格
9 done
10 echo "The factorial of $REPLY is $factorial"
执行:
./read2.sh
Enter a number: 6
The factorial of 6 is 720
5、超时, 等待输入的秒数(read -t)
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # timing the data entry
3
4 if read -t 5 -p "Please enter your name: " name #记得加-p参数, 直接在read命令行指定提示符
5 then
6 echo "Hello $name, welcome to my script"
7 else
8 echo
9 echo "Sorry, too slow!"
10 fi
执行:
# ./read3.sh
Please enter your name:
Sorry, too slow!
# ./read3.sh
Please enter your name: wang
Hello wang, welcome to my script
6、read命令对输入的字符判断
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # getting just one character of input
3
4 read -n1 -p "Do you want to continue [Y/N]? " answer
5 case $answer in
6 Y | y) echo
7 echo "fine, continue on...";;
8 N | n) echo
9 echo "OK, goodbye"
10 exit;;
11 esac
执行:
# ./read4.sh
Do you want to continue [Y/N]? y
fine, continue on...
./read4.sh
Do you want to continue [Y/N]? n
OK, goodbye
7、隐藏方式读取(read -s)
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # hiding input data from the monitor
3
4 read -s -p "Enter your passwd: " pass #-s 参数使得read读入的字符隐藏
5 echo
6 echo "Is your passwd readlly $pass?"
~
执行:
# ./read5.sh
Enter your passwd:
Is your passwd readlly osfile@206?
8、从文本中读取
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # reading data from a file
3
4 count=1
5 cat test | while read line
6 do
7 echo "Line $count: $line"
8 count=$[ $count + 1 ]
9 done
10 echo "Finished processing the file"
执行:
./read6.sh
Line 1: The quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox.
Line 2: This is a test, this is only a test.
Line 3: O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?
Finished processing the file