linux 下载 vi editor,Linux vi and vim Editor

Vim Intro:

This "vi" tutorial is intended for those who wish to

master and advance their skills beyond the basic features of the

basic editor. It covers buffers, "vi" command line

instructions, interfacing with UNIX commands, and ctags. The

vim editor is an enhanced version of vi. The

improvements are clearly noticed in the handling of tags.

The advantage of learning vi and learning it well is

that one will find vi on all Unix based systems and it

does not consume an inordinate amount of system resources. Vi

works great over slow network ppp modem connections and on

systems of limited resources. One can completely utilize vi

without departing a single finger from the keyboard. (No hand to

mouse and return to keyboard latency)

NOTE: Microsoft PC Notepad users who do not wish to use

"vi" should use "gedit" (GNOME edit) or

"gnp" (GNOME Note Pad) on Linux. This is very similar in

operation to the Microsoft Windows editor, "Notepad". (Other Unix

systems GUI editors: "dtpad", which can be found in

/usr/dt/bin/dtpad for AIX, vuepad on HP/UX, or xedit on

all Unix systems.)

Vim Installation:

Red Hat / CentOS / Fedora:

rpm -ivh vim-common-...rpm vim-minimal-...rpm vim-enhanced-...rpm vim-X11-...rpm

yum install vim-common vim-minimal vim-enhanced vim-X11

Ubuntu / Debian:

apt-get install vim vim-common vim-gnome

vim-gui-common vim-runtimeCompiling Vim from source:

Download vim source from

tar xzf vim-7.0.tar.gz

cd vim70

./configure --prefix=/opt

--enable-cscope

make

make install

Basic "vi" features

One edits a file in vi by issuing the

command: vi file-to-edit.txt

The vi editor has three modes, command mode, insert

mode and command line mode.

Command mode: letters or sequence of letters

interactively command vi. Commands are case sensitive.

The ESC key can end a command.

Insert mode: Text is inserted. The ESC key

ends insert mode and returns you to command mode. One

can enter insert mode with the "i" (insert), "a"

(insert after), "A" (insert at end of line), "o" (open

new line after current line) or "O" (Open line above

current line) commands.

Command line mode: One enters this mode by

typing ":" which puts the command line entry at the

foot of the screen.

Partial list of interactive commands:

Cursor movement:

Keystrokes

Action

h/j/k/l

Move cursor left/down/up/right

spacebar

Move cursor right one space

-/+

Move cursor down/up in first

column

ctrl-d

Scroll down one half of a page

ctrl-u

Scroll up one half of a page

ctrl-f

Scroll forward one page

ctrl-b

Scroll back one page

M (shift-h)

Move cursor to middle of page

H

Move cursor to top of page

L

Move cursor to bottom of page

W

w

5w

Move cursor a word at a time

Move cursor ahead 5 words

B

b

5b

Move cursor back a word at

a time

Move cursor back a word at a time

Move cursor back 5 words

e

5e

Move cursor to end of word

Move cursor ahead to the end of the 5th

word

0 (zero)

Move cursor to beginning of line

$

Move cursor to end of line

)

Move cursor to beginning of next sentence

(

Move cursor to beginning of current sentence

G

Move cursor to end of file

%

Move cursor to the

matching bracket.

Place cursor on {}[]() and type "%".

'.

Move cursor to previously modified

line.

'a

Move cursor to line mark "a" generated

by marking with keystroke "ma"

'A

Move cursor to line mark "a" (global

between buffers) generated by marking with

keystroke "mA"

]'

Move cursor to next lower case

mark.

['

Move cursor to previous lower case

mark.

Editing commands:

Keystrokes

Action

i

Insert at cursor

a

Append after cursor

A

Append at end of line

ESC

Terminate insert mode

u

Undo last change

U

Undo all changes to entire line

o

Open a new line

dd

3dd

Delete line

Delete 3 lines.

D

Delete contents of line after cursor

C

Delete contents of line after cursor and insert new text. Press esc key to end insertion.

dw

4dw

Delete word

Delete 4 words

cw

Change word

x

Delete character at cursor

r

Replace character

R

Overwrite characters from cursor onward

s

Substitute one character under cursor continue to insert

S

Substitute entire line and begin to insert at beginning of line

~

Change case of individual

character

ctrl-a

ctrl-x

Increment number under the

cursor.

Decrement number under the cursor.

/search_string{CR}

Search for search_string

?search_string{CR}

Search backwards (up in file) for

search_string

/\{CR}

Search for

search_word

Ex: /\Search for variable "s" but ignore

declaration "string" or words containing

"s". This will find "string s;", "s =

fn(x);", "x = fn(s);", etc

n

Find next occurrence of

search_word

N

Find previous occurrence of

search_word

.

repeat last command action.

Terminate session:

Use command: ZZ

Save changes and quit.

Use command line: ":wq"

Save (write) changes and quit.

Use command line: ":w"

Save (write) changes without quitting.

Use command line: ":q!"

Ignore changes and quit. No changes from last write

will be saved.

Use command line: ":qa"

Quit all files opened.

Advanced "vi" features

Interactive Commands:

Marking a line:

Any line can be "Book Marked" for a quick cursor

return.

Type the letter "m" and any other

letter to identify the line.

This "marked" line can be referenced by the

keystroke sequence "'" and the

identifying letter.

Example: "mt" will mark a line by the

identifier "t".

"'t" will return the cursor to this line

at any time.

A block of text may be referred to by its

marked lines. i.e.'t,'b

vi line buffers:

To capture lines into the buffer:

Single line: "yy" - yanks a single

line (defined by current cursor position) into

the buffer

Multiple lines: "y't" - yanks from

current cursor position to the line marked

"t"

Multiple lines: "3yy" - yank 3

lines. Current line and two lines below

it.Copy from buffer to editing session:

"p" - place contents of buffer after

current line defined by current cursor

position.

vim: Shift a block of code left or right:

Enter into visual mode by typing the letter "v"

at the top (or bottom) of the block of text to be

shifted.

Move the cursor to the bottom (or top) of the

block of text using "j", "k" or the arrow

keys.

Tip: Select from the first collumn of the top line

and the last character of the line on the bottom

line.

Zero ("0") will move the cursor to the first

character of a line and "$" will move the cursor to

the last character of the line.

Type >> to shift the block to the

right.

Type << to shift the block to the left.Note: The number of characters shifted is

controlled by the "shift width" setting. i.e. 4:

":set sw=4"

This can be placed in your $HOME/.vimrc

file.

Command Line:

command options:

The vi command line interface is available by

typing ":". Terminate with a carriage

return.

Example commands:

:help topic

If the exact name is unknown, TAB completion

will cycle through the various options given

the first few letters. Ctrl-d will print the

complete list of possibilites.

:set all - display all settings of

your session.

:set ic - Change default to ignore

case for text searches

Default is changed from noignorecase to

ignorecase. (ic is a short form otherwise type

set ignorecase)

Common options to set:

Full "set" Command

Short form

Description

autoindent/noautoindent

ai/noai

{CR} returns to indent of previous

line

autowrite/noautowrite

aw/noaw

See tags

errorbells/noerrorbells

eb/noeb

Silence error beep

flash/noflash

fl/nofl

Screen flashes upon error (for deaf

people or when noerrorbells is

set)

tabstop=8

ts

Tab key displays 8 spaces

ignorecase/noignorecase

ic/noic

Case sensitive searches

number/nonumber

nu/nonu

Display line numbers

showmatch/noshowmatch

no abbreviations

Cursor shows matching ")" and

"}"

showmode/noshowmode

no abbreviations

Editor mode is displayed on bottom

of screen

taglength

tl

Default=0. Set significant

characters

closepunct='".,;)]}

% key shows matching symbol.

Also see showmatch

linelimit=1048560

Maximum file size to edit

wrapscan/nowrapscan

ws/nows

Breaks line if too long

wrapmargin=0/nowrapmargin

wm/nowm

Define right margin for line

wrapping.

list/nolist

Display all Tabs/Ends of

lines.

bg=dark

bg=light

VIM: choose color

scheme for "dark" or "light" console

background.

Executing Unix commands in vi:

Any UNIX command can be executed from the vi

command line by typing an "!" before the UNIX

command.

Examples:

":!pwd" - shows your current working

directory.

":r !date" - reads the results from

the date command into a new line following the

cursor.

":r !ls -1" - Place after the

cursor, the current directory listing displayed

as a single column.

Line numbers:

Lines may be referenced by their line numbers.

The last line in the file can be referenced by the

"$" sign.

The entire file may be referenced by the block

"1,$" or "%"

The current line is referred to as "."

A block of text may be referred to by its marked

lines. i.e. 5,38 or 't,'b

Find/Replace:

Example:

:%s/fff/rrrrr/ - For all lines in a

file, find string "fff" and replace with string

"rrrrr" for the first instance on a line.

:%s/fff/rrrrr/g - For all lines in a

file, find string "fff" and replace with string

"rrrrr" for each instance on a line.

:%s/fff/rrrrr/gc - For all lines in

a file, find string "fff" and replace with

string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line. Ask

for confirmation

:%s/fff/rrrrr/gi - For all lines in

a file, find string "fff" and replace with

string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line.

Case insensitive.

:'a,'bs/fff/rrrrr/gi - For all lines

between line marked "a" (ma) and line marked

"b" (mb), find string "fff" and replace with

string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line.

Case insensitive.

:%s/*$/ - For all lines in a file,

delete blank spaces at end of line.

:%s/\(.*\):\(.*\)/\2:\1/g - For all

lines in a file, move last field delimited by

":" to the first field. Swap fields if only

two.For more info type:

:help substitute

:help pattern

:help gdefault

:help cmdline-ranges

Sorting:

Example:

Mark a block of text at the top line and

bottom line of the block of text. i.e. "mt" and

"mb" on two separate lines. This text block is then referenced as "'t,'b.

:'t,'b !sort

Moving columns, manipulating fields and awk:

:'t,. !awk '{print $3 " " $2 " " $1}' -

This will reverse the order of the columns in the

block of text. The block of text is defined here as from the line marked with the keystroke "bt" and the current line (".").

This text block is referenced as "'t,."

aaa bbb ccc ccc bbb aaa

xxx yyy zzz becomes-> zzz yyy xxx

111 222 333 333 222 111

Source Code Formatting: C++/Java

Use vim visual text selection to mark the

lines to format (beautify):

eg. Whole file:

Go to first line in file:

shift-v

Go to last line in file:

shift-g

Select the key equals:

=This will align all braces and

indentations. For the equivalent in emacs see

the .

Text Formatting:

Mark a block of text at the top line and

bottom line of the block. i.e. "mt" and

"mb" on two separate lines.

Example: ":'t,'b !nroff"

You can insert nroff commands i.e.:

.ce 3

Center the next three

lines

.fi

Fill text - left and right

justify (default)

.nf

No Fill

.ls 2

Double line spacing

.sp

Single line space

.sv 1.0i

Vertical space at top of page

space

.ns

Turn off spacing mode

.rs

Restore spacing mode

.ll 6.0i

Line length = 6 inches

.in 1.0i

Indent one inch

.ti 1.0i

Temporarily one time only

indent one inch

.pl 8.0i

Page length = 8 inches

.bp

Page breakExample:

.fi

.pl 2i

.in 1.0i

.ll 6.0i

.ce

Title to be centered

.sp

The following text bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla

Becomes:

Title to be centered

The following text bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla

bla bla bla bla

Spell Checking:

Mark a block of text by marking the top

line and bottom line of the block. i.e.

"mt" and "mb" on two separate

lines.

:'t,'b !spell will cause the block

to be replaced with misspelled words.

Press "u" to undo.

Proceed to correct words misspelled.

Macros:

:map letter commands_strung_together

:map - lists current key mappings

Example - :map g n

cwNEW_WORD{ctrl-v}{esc}i{ctrl-v}{CR}

This example would find the next search

occurrence, change the word and insert a line

feed after the word. The macro is invoked by

typing the letter "g".

Control/Escape/Carriage control characters

must be prefixed with ctrl-V.

Choose a letter which is not used or

important. (i.e. a poor choice would be "i" as

this is used for insert)

Double spacing:

:%s/$/{ctrl-V}{CR}/g

This command applies an extra carriage return at

the end of all lines

Strip blanks at end of line:

:%s/{TAB}*$//

Delete all lines beginning with or matching a pattern:

:1,$ /^#/d

Delete all (first to last line: 1,$ or g) comments lines in file.

Delete all lines beginning (^) with "#" (specify text pattern).

:g/#/d

Delete all lines (g) containing comments (comments follow "#") in file. Delete all lines containing "#".

:g!/^#/d

Delete all lines except (g! or v) comment lines beginning (^) with "#".

Strip DOS ctrl-M's:

:1,$ s/{ctrl-V}{ctrl-M}//

Note: In order to enter a control character, one

muust first enter ctrl-v. This is true throughout vi.

For example, if searching for a control character

(i.e. ctrl-m): /ctrl-v ctrl-M If generating

a macro and you need to enter esc without exiting the

vi command line the esc must be prefixed with a

ctrl-v: ctrl-v esc.

Editing multiple files:

vi file1 file2 file3

:n Edit next file (file2)

:n Edit next file (file3)

:rew Rewind to the first file

(file1)

Line folding:

Many times one may encounter a file with folded

lines or may wish to fold lines. The following image

is of a file with folded lines where each "+"

represents a set of lines not viewed but a marker

line prefixed with a "+" is shown stating how many

lines have been folded and out of view. Folding helps

manage large files which are more easily managed when

text lines are grouped into "folds".

Example: vim

/usr/share/vim/vim63/plugin/netrw.vim

Keystrokes:

Keystroke

Description

zR

Unfold all folded lines in file.

za

Open/close (toggle) a folded group of

lines.

zA

Open a closed fold or close an open

fold recursively.

zc

Close a folded group of lines.

zC

Close all folded lines

recursively.

zd

Delete a folded line.

zD

Delete all folded lines

recursively.

zE

Eliminate all folded lines in

file.

zF

Create "N" folded lines.

Hyper-Linking to include files:

Place cursor over the file name (i.e.

#include "fileABC.h")

Enter the letter combination: gf

(go to file)This will load file fileABC.h into vim.

Use the following entry in your ~/.vimrc

file to define file paths. Change path to something

appropriate if necessary.

"Recursively set the path of the project.

set path=$PWD/**

Batch execution of vi from a command

file:

Command file to change HTML file to lower case and

XHTML compiance:

:1,$ s///g

:1,$ s///g

:1,$ s///g

:1,$ s///g

:1,$ s///g

:1,$ s///g

:1,$ s/:1,$ s/:1,$ s/Execute: vi -e file-name.html <

[Potential Pitfall]:

This must be performed while vim has none of the

files open which are to be affected. If it does, vim

will error due to conflicts with the vim swap

file.

Tagging:

This functionality allows one to jump between files to

locate subroutines.

ctags *.h *.c This creates a file names

"tags".

Edit the file using vi.

Unix command line: vi -t

subroutine_name This will find the correct

file to edit.

OR

Vi command line: :tag

subroutine_name This will jump from your

current file to the file containing the subroutine.

(short form :ta subroutine_name

)

OR

By cursor position: ctrl-] Place cursor

on the first character of the subroutine name and

press ctrl-] This will jump to the file

containing the subroutine.

Note: The key combination ctrl-]

is also the default telnet connection interrupt.

To avoid this problem when using telnet block

this telnet escape key by specifying NULL or a

new escape key:

telnet -E file-name

telnet -e "" file-name

In all cases you will be entered into the correct file

and the cursor will be positioned at the subroutine

desired.

If it is not working properly look at the "tags" file

created by ctags. Also the tag name (first column)

may be abbreviated for convenience. One may shorten the

significant characters using :set

taglength=number

Tag Notes:

A project may have a tags file which can be added

and referred to by: :set tags=tags\

/ad/src/project1.tags

A "\" must separate the file names.

:set autowrite will automatically

save changes when jumping from file to file, otherwise

you need to use the :w command.

vim tagging notes: (These specific tag features

not available in vi)

Tag Command

Description

:tag start-of-tag-name_TAB

Vim supports tag name completion. Start the

typing the tag name and then type the TAB key and

name completion will complete the tag name for

you.

:tag /search-string

Jump to a tag name found by a search.

ctrl-]

The vim editor will jump into the tag to follow

it to a new position in the file or to a new

file.

ctrl-t

The vim editor will allow the user to jump back

a level.

(or :pop)

:tselect

When multiple entries exist in the tags file,

such as a function declaration in a header file and

a function definition (the function itself), the

operator can choose by issuing this command. The

user will be presented with all the references to

the function and the user will be prompted to enter

the number associated with the appropriate

one.

:tnext

When multiple answers are available you can go

to the next answer.

:set ignorecase

(or :set ic)

The ignore case directive affects tagging.

:tags

Show tag stack (history)

:4pop

Jump to a particular position in the tag stack

(history).

(jump to the 4th from bottom of tag stack

(history).

The command ":pop" will move by default

"1" backwards in the stack (history).)

or

:4tag

(jump to the 4th from top of tag stack)

:tnext

Jump to next matching tag.

(Also short form :tn and jump two

:2tnext)

:tprevious

Jump to previous matching tag.

(Also short form :tp and jump two

:2tp)

:tfirst

Jump to first matching tag.

(Also short form :tf, :trewind,

:tr)

:tlast

Jump to last matching tag.

(Also short form :tl)

:set tags=./tags,./subdir/tags

Using multiple tag files (one in each

directory).

Allows one to specify all tags files in directory

tree: set tags=src/**/tags

Use Makefile to generate tags files as well as

compile in each directory.

Links:

The ctags utility:

There are more than one version of ctags out there.

The original Unix version, the GNU version and the

version that comes with vim. This discussion is about the

one that comes with vim. (default with Red Hat)

For use with C++:

ctags version 5.5.4:

ctags *.cpp ../inc/*.h

ctags version 5.0.1:

--lang=c++ --c-types=+Ccdefgmnpstuvx *.cpp ../inc/*.h

To generate a tags file for all files in all

subdirectories: ctags -R .

The ctags program which is written by the VIM team is

called " Exuberant Ctags" and supports the most features

in VIM.

Man page: - Generate tag files for source code

Defaults file:

VIM: $HOME/.exrc

~/.vimrc

~/.gvimrc

~/.vim/ (directory of vim config

files.)

VI: $HOME/.exrc

Example:

set autoindent

set wrapmargin=0

map g hjlhjlhjlhlhjl

"

" S = save current vi buffer contents and run spell on it,

" putting list of misspelled words at the end of the vi buffer.

map S G:w!^M:r!spell %^M

colorscheme desert

"Specify that a dark terminal background is being used.

set bg=dark

Notes:

Look in /usr/share/vim/vim61/colors/ for

available colorschemes.

(I also like "colorscheme desert")

Alternate use of autoindent: set ai

sw=3

Using vim and cscope:

Cscope was developed to cross reference C source code.

It now can be used with C++ and Java and can interface

with vim.

Using Cscope to cross reference souce code will create

a database and allow you to traverse the source to find

calls to a function, occurances of a function, variable,

macros, class or object and their respective

declarations. Cscope offers more complete navigation than

ctags as it has more complete cross referencing.

Vim must be compiled with Cscope support. Red Hat

Enterprise Linux 5 (or CentOS 5), includes vim 7.0 with

cscope support. Earlier versions of Red Hat or Fedora RPM

does not support Cscope and thus must be compiled.

Compiling Vim from source:

Download vim source from

tar xzf vim-7.0.tar.gz

cd vim70

./configure --prefix=/opt --enable-cscope

make

make install

Using Cscope with vim:The Cscope database

(cscope.out) is generated the first time it is

invoked. Subsequent use will update the database based on

file changes.

The database can be generated manually using the command

i.e.: cscope -b *.cpp *.h or cscope -b -R

.

Invoke Cscope from within vim from the vim command

line. Type the following: :cscope find search-type

search-string The short form of the command is

":cs f" where the "search-type" is:

Search Type

Type short form

Description

symbol

s

Find all references to a symbol

global

g

Find global definition

calls

c

Find calls of this function

called

d

Find functions that the specified function

calls

text

t

Find specified text string

file

f

Open file

include

i

Find files that "#include" the specified

file

Results of the Cscope query will be displayed at the

bottom of the vim screen.

To jump to a result type the results number (+

enter)

Use tags commands to return after a jump to a

result: ctrl-t

To return to same spot as departure, use

ctrl-o

To use "tags" navigation to search for words under

the cursor (ctrl-\) instead of using the vim command

line ":cscope" (and "ctrl-spaceBar" instead of

":scscope"), use the vim plugin,

[]

When using this plugin, overlapping ctags navigation

will not be available. This should not be a problem

since cscope plugin navigation is the same but with

superior indexing and cross referenceing.

Place this plugin in your directory

"$HOME/.vim/plugin"

Plugin required for vim 5 and 6. This feature is

compiled in with vim 7.0 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

5 and CentOS 5 and newer Linux OS's. Attempts to use

the plugin when not required will result in the

following error:

E568: duplicate cscope database not

added

Cycle through results:

Next result: :tnext

Previous result: :tprevious

Create a split screen for Cscope results:

:scscope find search-type

search-string

(Short form: :scs f search-type

search-string)

Use command line argument ":cscope -R":

Scan subdirectories recursively

Use Cscope ncurses based GUI without vim:

cscope

ctrl-d: Exit Cscope GUI

Cscope command line arguments:

Argument

Description

-R

Scan subdirectories recursively

-b

Build the cross-reference only.

-C

Ignore letter case when searching.

-fFileName

Specify Cscope database file name instead

of default "cscope.out".

-Iinclude-directories

Look in "include-directories" for any

#include files whose names do not begin with

"/".

-iFiles

Scan specified files listed in "Files".

File names are separated by linefeed. Cscope

uses the default file name "cscope.files".

-k

Kernel mode ignores

/usr/include.

Typical: cscope -b -q -k

-q

create inverted index database for quick

search for large projects.

-sDirectoryName

Use specified directory for source code.

Ignored if specified by "-i".

-u

Unconditionally build a new cross-reference

file..

-v

Verbose mode.

file1 file2 ...

List files to cross reference on the

command line.

Cscope environment variable:

Environment Variable

Description

CSCOPE_EDITOR

Editor to use: /usr/bin/vim

EDITOR

Default: /usr/bin/vim

INCLUDEDIRS

Colon-separated list of directories to

search for #include files.

SOURCEDIRS

Colon-separated list of directories to

search for additional source files.

VPATH

Colon-separated list of directories to

search. If not set, cscope searches only in the

current directory.

Manually Generating file cscope.files

File: $HOME/bin/gen_cscope or

/opt/bin/gen_cscope

#!/bin/bash

find ./ -name "*.[ch]pp" -print > cscope.files

cscope -b -q -kGenerates cscope.files of ".cpp" and

".hpp" source files for a C++ project.

Note that this generates CScope files in the

current working directory. The CScope files are only

usefull if you begin the vim session in the same

directory. Thus if you have a heirarchy of

directories, perform this in the top directory and

reference the files to be edited on the command line

with the relative path from the same directory in

which the CScope files were generated.

Also see:

Vim plugins:

Vim default plugins:

Vim comes with some default plugins which can be found

in:

Red Hat / CentOS / Fedora:

RHEL4:

/usr/share/vim/vim70/autoload/

Fedora

3:/usr/share/vim/vim63/plugin/

Ubuntu / Debian:

Ubuntu 6.06:

/usr/share/vim/vim64/plugin/

Additional custom plugins:

User added plugins are added to the user's local

directory: ~/.vim/plugin/ or

~/.vimrc/plugin/

Vim.org:

Default vim plugins:

File Explorer / List Files:

explorer.vim

Help is available with the following command:

:help file-explorer

Command

Description

:Explore

List files in your current

directory

:Explore

directory-name

List files in specified

directory

:Vexplore

Split with a new vertical

window and then list files in your current

directory

:Sexplore

Split with a new horizontal

window and then list files in your current

directory

The new window buffer created by ":Vexplore" and

":Sexplore" can be closed with ":bd" (buffer delete).

Additional custom

plugins:

CScope: cscope_maps.vimSee cscope and

vim description and use .

Tabbed pages: minibufexpl.vimThis

plugin allows you to open multiple text files and

accessed by their tabs displayed at the top of the frame.

Keystroke

Description

:bn

New buffer

:bd

Buffer delete

:b3

Go to buffer number 3

ctrl-w followed by "k"

New buffer. Puts curson in upper tabbed

portion of window. Navigate with arrow keys or

"h"/"l".

:qa

Quit vim out of all buffers

tab

The "tab" key jumps between tabbed

buffers.

Recommended ~/.vimrc file entry:

"Hide abandon buffers in order to not lose undo history.

set hidThis vim directive will allow undo history to

remain when switching buffers.

The new window buffer tab created can be closed with

":bd" (buffer delete).

Links:

Alternate between the commensurate include and source

file: a.vimMost usefull when used with the

vim plugin "minibufexpl.vim"

Usefull for C/C++ programmers to switch between the

source ".cpp" and commensurate ".hpp" or ".h" file and

vice versa.

Command

Description

:A

switches to the header file corresponding

to the current file being edited (or vise

versa)

:AS

splits and switches

:AV

vertical splits and switches

:AT

new tab and switches

:AN

cycles through matches

:IH

switches to file under cursor

:IHS

splits and switches

:IHV

vertical splits and switches

:IHT

new tab and switches

:IHN

cycles through matchesIf you are editing fileX.c and you

enter ":A" in vim, you will be switched to the file

fileX.h

Links:

Vim tip:

Using a mousewheel with vim in an xterm. Place in file

$HOME/.Xdefaults

XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \n\

: string("0x9b") string("[64~") \n\

: string("0x9b") string("[65~")