在c语言中文件的指针是什么,C语言中文件描述符和文件指针的本质区别

1，首先了解进程运行时默认打开的文件指针以及打开的文件

/* Standard streams. /

extern struct _IO_FILE stdin; / Standard input stream. 标准输入/

extern struct _IO_FILE stdout; / Standard output stream. 标准输出*/

extern struct _IO_FILE stderr; / Standard error output stream. 标准出错*/

进程运行时，默认打开两个文件：键盘，屏幕

文件描述符

0 标准输入

1 标准输出(有缓冲区) printf()

2 标准出错(无缓冲输出)perror()

看懂了上面的解释我们再往下看

我们来理解下这段代码：

char buf[20]={};

read(0, buf, 12);

fread(buf, 12, 1, stdin);

代码中read()与fread()效果一样，都是从键盘输入中读取12个字节放到buf这个缓冲区内；

所以我们可以知道0和stdin分别是同一个文件的文件描述符和文件指针

它们两的联系是什么呢？接着看

2，我们来了解一下FILE是如何定义的

/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/FILE.h:7:typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;

在Ubuntu下的/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/路径下的FILE.h内有这么一段代码：

typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE; //给struct _IO_FILE这个结构体取个别名叫FILE;

这里我们知道了，原来FILE是代表struct _IO_FILE这个结构体；

那我们接下来就要找到struct _IO_FILE这个结构体又是在哪里定义的；

/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/

在Ubuntu下的/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/路径下的libio.h文件内有这么一段代码：

struct _IO_FILE {

int _flags;/* High-order word is _IO_MAGIC; rest is flags. */

#define _IO_file_flags _flags

/* The following pointers correspond to the C++ streambuf protocol. */

/* Note: Tk uses the _IO_read_ptr and _IO_read_end fields directly. */

char* _IO_read_ptr;/* Current read pointer */

char* _IO_read_end;/* End of get area. */

char* _IO_read_base;/* Start of putback+get area. */

char* _IO_write_base;/* Start of put area. */

char* _IO_write_ptr;/* Current put pointer. */

char* _IO_write_end;/* End of put area. */

char* _IO_buf_base;/* Start of reserve area. */

char* _IO_buf_end;/* End of reserve area. */

/* The following fields are used to support backing up and undo. */

char *_IO_save_base; /* Pointer to start of non-current get area. */

char *_IO_backup_base; /* Pointer to first valid character of backup area */

char *_IO_save_end; /* Pointer to end of non-current get area. */

struct _IO_marker *_markers;

struct _IO_FILE *_chain;

int _fileno; =====>>文件描述符

#if 0

int _blksize;

#else

int _flags2;

#endif

_IO_off_t _old_offset; /* This used to be _offset but it's too small. */

#define __HAVE_COLUMN /* temporary */

/* 1+column number of pbase(); 0 is unknown. */

unsigned short _cur_column;

signed char _vtable_offset;

char _shortbuf[1];

/* char* _save_gptr; char* _save_egptr; */

_IO_lock_t *_lock;

#ifdef _IO_USE_OLD_IO_FILE

};

struct _IO_FILE_complete

{

struct _IO_FILE _file;

#endif

#if defined _G_IO_IO_FILE_VERSION && _G_IO_IO_FILE_VERSION == 0x20001

_IO_off64_t _offset;

# if defined _LIBC || defined _GLIBCPP_USE_WCHAR_T

/* Wide character stream stuff. */

struct _IO_codecvt *_codecvt;

struct _IO_wide_data *_wide_data;

struct _IO_FILE *_freeres_list;

void *_freeres_buf;

# else

void *__pad1;

void *__pad2;

void *__pad3;

void *__pad4;

# endif

size_t __pad5;

int _mode;

/* Make sure we don't get into trouble again. */

char _unused2[15 * sizeof (int) - 4 * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)];

#endif

};

这段代码定义了这个结构体

看起来很吓人，其实我们这里只需要知道int _fileno就是文件描述符就可以了；其它代码就是用来管理缓冲区的；

知道这些后我们再来通过代码验证一下，如这段代码：

#include #include #include int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

FILE *fp = fopen("./1.txt", "r+");

if(fp == NULL )

{

perror("fopen failed!");

return -1;

}

//打印文件描述符

printf("%d\n", fp->_fileno);

//fwrite("good boy",8,1,fp);

write(fp->_fileno, "good boy", 8);

fclose(fp);

return 0;

}

总结：

文件指针是一个结构体，它里面也有文件描述符

其他成员是用来管理缓冲区