单片机检测电机频率c语言,基于51单片机的电动机测速表的设计.doc

基于51单片机的电动机测速表的设计

基于51单片机的电动机测速表设计

摘 要

本文介绍了采用光电传感器实施电机转速测量的方法、基本原理，完成了一种基于AT89C51单片机平台的电动机测速表的软硬件设计。硬件系统包括脉冲信号产生、脉冲信号处理和显示模块，采用C语言编程，该方法具有简单、精度高、稳定性好的优点。

在工程实践中经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合例如在发动机、电动机、卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中，常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。为了能精确地测量转速外，还要保证测量的实时性，要求能测得瞬时转速方法因此转速的测具有重要的意义。

Abstract

This paper introduces adopting photoelectric sensor measurement method for implementing the motor speed and the basic principle, completed the design of the software and hardware of a motor based on AT89C51 platform speedometer . Hardware systems includs the pulse signal generation, pulse signal processing and display module, using C language programming,for this method is simple, high precision, stability good points .

In engineering practice, often encounter a variety of situations need to measure speed, such as engines, motors, winches, machine tool spindles and other rotating equipment, testing, operation and control, often need time-sharing or continuous measurement and display of their speed and instantaneous speed. To speed, we must first resolve the sampling problem. Production speed in the use table-mode technology, the methods used tachometer generator, the generator is about speed and sensed axle shaft connected to the generator speed reflects the speed high and low voltage level. In order to accurately measure speed, but also to ensure real-time measurement, requires instantaneous speed can be measured approach. Therefore, the measurement speed is significant .

Keywords : speed measurement； SCM； Photoelectric sensors； Motor； pulse

摘 要I

AbstractII

1 概述1

1.1 数字式转速测量系统的发展背景1

1.2 本设计课题的目的和意义1

2 转速测量系统的原理2

2.1 转速测量方法2

2.2 转速测量原理3

3系统方案提出和论证5

4 系统硬件设计7

4.1 转速信号采集7

4.2 转速信号处理电路设计9

4.3 单片机AT89C51介绍10

4.4 最小系统的设计14

4.4.1复位电路14

4.4.2 晶振电路17

4.4.3 最小系统的仿真18

4.5 显示部分设计19

5 系统软件设计23

5.1 主程序初始化23

5.2 主程序流程图程序流程图25

总 结27

参考文献28

致 谢29

附录A 系统总电路图30

附录B 系统总程序清单30

1 概 述

1.1 数字式转速测量系统的发展背景

目前国内外测量电机转速的