比如根据索引取count(*),如果该列没有规定是非null的,那么根据索引取行数就会出现错误结果。
如下:
1 创建一张包含null的表test,并在上面创建索引
SQL> create table test (a varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into test values ('a');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values ('b');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values (null);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values ('d');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from test;
A
----------
a
b
d
SQL> create index ind_t on test(a);
Index created.
2 查看执行计划,并添加hint后对比。
可以看到,默认情况下,走的是全表,然后指定hint /*+index(test,ind_t) */让查询走索引,但是没有用。
改造sql,加上条件where a is not null,然后查看,发现走了索引。
因为index不能存储空值,所以如果没有帅选条件直接走索引,获取的值是空值,这样结果就是有问题的。
SQL> set autot on
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
4
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1950795681
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 4 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
-----
- dynamic statistics used: dynamic sampling (level=2)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
5 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
550 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
387 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
SQL> l
1* select count(*) from test
SQL> select /*+index(test,ind_t) */count(*) from test
2 ;
COUNT(*)
----------
4
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1950795681
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 4 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Hint Report (identified by operation id / Query Block Name / Object Alias):
Total hints for statement: 1 (U - Unused (1))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 - SEL$1 / TEST@SEL$1
U - index(test,ind_t)
Note
-----
- dynamic statistics used: dynamic sampling (level=2)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
4 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
550 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
412 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
SQL> select /*+index(test,ind_t) */count(*) from test where a is not null;
COUNT(*)
----------
3
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 938330370
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 7 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 7 | | |
|* 2 | INDEX FULL SCAN| IND_T | 3 | 21 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter("A" IS NOT NULL)
Note
-----
- dynamic statistics used: dynamic sampling (level=2)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
5 recursive calls
0 db block gets
6 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
550 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
431 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed