Oracle数据库关库,Oracle数据库的关闭——数据库关闭的步骤

数据库的启动，通常只需要一个命令startup就完成了，实际上在后台Oracle是通过nomount、mount、open三个步骤来完成的；将这个过程逆向过来，那么实际上当我们通过shutdown来关闭数据库时，实际上数据库也就经历了close、dismount、shutdown三个步骤。

数据库关闭的步骤

以下是Oracle 10g中数据库关闭的分步骤操作：

SQL> alter database close;

Database altered.

注意Close数据库仅允许在没有连接的情况下进行，否则可能遇到如下错误：

ORA-01093: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE only permitted with no sessions connected

这一过程的告警日志信息显示如下：

Tue Jul 18 11:08:10 2006

alter database close

Tue Jul 18 11:08:10 2006

SMON: disabling tx recovery

Tue Jul 18 11:08:10 2006

Stopping background process CJQ0

Tue Jul 18 11:08:10 2006

Stopping background process QMNC

Tue Jul 18 11:08:14 2006

Stopping Job queue slave processes

Tue Jul 18 11:08:22 2006

Waiting for Job queue slaves to complete

Tue Jul 18 11:08:55 2006

Job queue slave processes stopped

Tue Jul 18 11:08:55 2006

SMON: disabling cache recovery

Tue Jul 18 11:08:56 2006

Shutting down archive processes

Archiving is disabled

Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active

Thread 1 closed at log sequence 39

Successful close of redo thread 1

Tue Jul 18 11:08:56 2006

Completed: alter database close

接下来可以将数据库卸载：

SQL> alter database dismount;

Database altered.

这一过程的告警日志信息如下所示：

Tue Jul 18 11:09:49 2006

alter database dismount

Tue Jul 18 11:09:49 2006

Completed: alter database dismount

最后一个步骤是彻底关闭数据库实例，可以通过发出Shutdown命令完成：

SQL> shutdown;

ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

最后的实例关闭记录如下日志：

Tue Jul 18 11:10:59 2006

Shutting down instance: further logons disabled

Tue Jul 18 11:10:59 2006

Stopping background process MMNL

Tue Jul 18 11:11:00 2006

Stopping background process MMON

Tue Jul 18 11:11:01 2006

Shutting down instance (normal)

License high water mark = 2

Tue Jul 18 11:11:01 2006

ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL

ORA-1507 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL...

ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1090

Shutting down archive processes

Archiving is disabled

Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active

ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1090

Shutting down archive processes

Archiving is disabled

Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active

在使用shutdown命令关闭数据库时，还有几个可选参数，这几个参数分别是：NORMAL、IMMEDIATE、TRANSACTIONAL、ABORT。