u盘启动制作linux系统,U盘启动linux系统的制作

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如何制作一个U盘上的linux系统，并且支持启动,以下是简要过程：

1、制作成一个分区，并设置为活分区

2、制作ext3文件系统

3、安装文件系统树结构的包，filesystem，setup

4、安装grub程序包

5、kernel and initrd

6、安装程序(命令和库文件)

7、grub-install安装grub程序到U盘

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1、制作成一个分区，并设置为活分区

fdisk /dev/sdb

n添加新的分区

a设置为活动分区

2、制作ext3文件系统

mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

[root@server ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /net

[root@server ~]# df -h /net

文件系统              容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

/dev/sdb1             1.9G   35M  1.8G   2% /net

3、安装文件系统树结构的包，filesystem ，setup

[root@server Server]# rpm -ivh --root=/net setup-2.5.58-4.el5.noarch.rpm

[root@server Server]# rpm -ivh --root=/net filesystem-2.4.0-2.i386.rpm

[root@server Server]# ls /net

bin   etc   lost+found  opt   sbin     sys  var

boot  home  media       proc  selinux  tmp

dev   lib   mnt         root  srv      usr

4、安装grub程序包

[root@server boot]# rpm -ivh --root=/net --nodeps /var/ftp/rhel5.3/Server/grub-0.97-13.2.i386.rpm

[root@server Server]# ls /net/sbin/grub

grub            grub-md5-crypt

grub-install    grub-terminfo

[root@server Server]# ls /net/boot/grub/

5、kernel and initrd

[root@server boot]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5  /net/boot/

[root@server boot]# mkinitrd --with=usb-storage --with=ext3 --with=sd_mod --with=scsi_mod --with=ohci_hcd --with=ehci_hcd /net/boot/initrd-usb.img `uname -r`

[root@server grub]# cat /net/boot/grub/grub.conf

defaultl=0

timeout=5

title rhel5u3 usb linux for sulinux(2.6.18-128.el5)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5 ro root=/dev/sdb1 init=/bin/bash

initrd /boot/initrd-usb.img

[root@server grub]# ls /net/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5

/net/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.el5

[root@server grub]# ls /net/boot/initrd-usb.img

/net/boot/initrd-usb.img

-----------------------------------------

[root@server grub]# cat /boot/grub/device.map

# this device map was generated by anaconda

(hd0)     /dev/sda

[root@server grub]# cp /boot/grub/device.map  /net/boot/grub/

[root@server grub]# vim /net/boot/grub/device.map

[root@server grub]# cat /net/boot/grub/device.map

# this device map was generated by anaconda

(hd0)     /dev/sdb

6、安装程序(命令和库文件)

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[root@server yum.repos.d]# pwd

/etc/yum.repos.d

[root@server yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-debuginfo.repo  xx.repo

[root@server yum.repos.d]# vim xx.repo

[root@server yum.repos.d]# cat xx.repo

[base]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=file:///var/ftp/rhel5.3/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

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[root@server /]# yum -y install --installroot=/net coreutils bash SysVinit util-linux vim-enhanced

7、grub-install安装grub程序到U盘

[root@server yum.repos.d]# chroot /net

bash-3.2#

[root@server yum.repos.d]# chroot /net

bash-3.2# grub-install /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb: Not found or not a block device.

bash-3.2# ls /dev/sdb

ls: /dev/sdb: 没有那个文件或目录

bash-3.2# exit

exit

[root@server yum.repos.d]# mknod /net/dev/sdb  b 8 16

[root@server yum.repos.d]# mknod /net/dev/sdb1  b 8 17

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

[root@server /]# rpm -q kernel-doc

kernel-doc-2.6.18-128.el5

[root@server /]# rpm -ivh /var/ftp/rhel5.3/Server/kernel-doc-2.6.18-128.el5.noarch.rpm c-2.6.18-128.el5.noarch.rpm

+++++++++++++++++++++++

[root@server /]# gedit /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-2.6.18/Documentation/devices.txt

8 block

SCSI disk devices (0-15)

0 = /dev/sda

First SCSI disk whole disk

16 = /dev/sdb

Second SCSI disk whole disk

32 = /dev/sdc

Third SCSI disk whole disk

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

[root@server /]# chroot /net/

bash-3.2# grub-install /dev/sdb

df: 警告：无法读取已挂上的文件系统的目录: 没有那个文件或目录

Could not find device for

[root@server yum.repos.d]# cp /etc/mtab /net/etc/mtab

[root@server yum.repos.d]# vim /net/etc/mtab

[root@server yum.repos.d]# cat !$

cat /net/etc/mtab

/dev/sdb1 / ext3 rw 0 0

[root@server yum.repos.d]# cp /etc/fstab /net/etc/

[root@server yum.repos.d]# vim /net/etc/fstab

[root@server yum.repos.d]# cat !$

cat /net/etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1   /   ext3    defaults  1 1

[root@server /]# chroot /net

bash-3.2# grub-install /dev/sdb

Could not find device for /dev/mapper/*

Could not find device for /dev/mapper/*

Could not find device for /dev/mapper/*

Installation finished. No error reported.

This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.

Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,

fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.

(fd0)   /dev/fd0

(hd0)   /dev/sdb

bash-3.2#

bash-3.2#

bash-3.2#

bash-3.2#

bash-3.2# sync

测试是否可以设置U盘启动并正常启动起来。

接下来解决init及登录

问题。

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[root@server ~]# df -h /net

文件系统              容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

/dev/sdb1             1.9G  561M  1.2G  32% /net

[root@server ~]# rpm -ivh --root=/net /var/ftp/rhel5.3/Server/passwd-0.73-1.i386.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

libuser.so.1 is needed by passwd-0.73-1.i386

cp /etc/shadow /net/etc

[root@server yum.repos.d]# yum  -y install --installroot=/net passwd

[root@server yum.repos.d]# chroot /net

bash-3.2# useradd test

bash-3.2# passwd test

Changing password for user test.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

bash-3.2#

bash-3.2# grep root /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

注意：***在/etc/yum.respos.d/目录中添加的yum配置无效时，将配置写到主配置文件中(如下)***

vim /etc/yum.conf文件，添加如下三行

[base]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=file:///var/ftp/rhel5.3/Server

enabled=1

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