在论坛看到一个有趣的帖子,是关于ORACLE的NUMBER类型溢出的。
Oracle的数值类型NUMBE包括0、正数和负数。
其中正数的范围是从1E-130到9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125。
而负数的范围是从-1E-130到-9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125。
Oracle的数值范围是由于NUMBER类型的存储结构决定的,下面看一下这些边界数值的DUMP值就会明白:
SQL> SELECT DUMP(1E-130) FROM DUAL;
DUMP(1E-130)
------------------
Typ=2 Len=2: 128,2
SQL> SELECT DUMP(0) FROM DUAL;
DUMP(0)
----------------
Typ=2 Len=1: 128
SQL> SELECT DUMP(9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=20: 255,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100
SQL> SELECT DUMP(-1E-130) FROM DUAL;
DUMP(-1E-130)
------------------------
Typ=2 Len=3: 127,100,102
SQL> SELECT DUMP(-9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
---------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=21: 0,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,102
Oracle的NUMBER类型第一位表示的是数值的指数。128也就是一个字段最大值256的一半表示0,如果指数大于等于128,则表示正数,否则指数小于128则表示负数。因此正数的上线指数为255,正数的下线指数为128。
而负数的最大值指数为127,最小值指数为0。了解了这些也就清楚了NUMBER类型范围的由来。关于NUMBER类型的更详细描述,可以参考:
下面就可以看看溢出的情况了。
首先来看看最大的正数和最小的负数溢出情况:
SQL> SET NUMW 50
SQL> SELECT 9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125
--------------------------------------------------
9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999000000E+125
SQL> SELECT DUMP(9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) FROM DUAL;
DUMP(9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=20: 255,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100
设置NUMWIDTH是为了能在SQLPLUS中输出数位很长的数值。
根据Oracle文档,上面这个值是Oracle可以表示的最大的正数,但是由于负数有一个“排序位”,因此实际上NUMBER类型的长度可以达到21,也就是说,Oracle可以表示的正数最大值可以再增加两个9:
SQL> SELECT 9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999E125
--------------------------------------------------
9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999900000E+125
SQL> SELECT DUMP(9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=21: 255,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,91
SQL> SELECT 9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125
--------------------------------------------------
9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999990000E+125
SQL> SELECT DUMP(9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=21: 255,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100
SQL> SELECT 9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
SELECT 9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL
*第1行出现错误:
ORA-01426:数字溢出
观察SELECT结果的有效数位就可以看到,Oracle实际上确实保存了40位有效数字。而当9的位数超过40,就会导致溢出。
同样的道理,现在来看最小的负数:
SQL> SELECT -9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
-9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125
--------------------------------------------------
-9.999999999999999999999999999999999999900000E+125
SQL> SELECT DUMP(-9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
---------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=21: 0,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,102
由于Oracle存在符号位,因此Oracle仍然可以使用符号位来记录数值:
SQL> SELECT -9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
-9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999E125
--------------------------------------------------
-9.999999999999999999999999999999999999990000E+125
SQL> SELECT DUMP(-9.99999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
--------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=21: 0,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,11
SQL> SELECT -9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
-9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125
--------------------------------------------------
-9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999000E+125
SQL> SELECT DUMP(-9.999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125) B FROM DUAL;
B
-------------------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=21: 0,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2
SQL> SELECT -9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL;
SELECT -9.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999E125 FROM DUAL
*第1行出现错误:
ORA-01426:数字溢出
从这里看到,Oracle并非是在38位有效数值后溢出,而溢出值上限位40位有效数字。