android 中自定义安装,Android开发中ListView自定义adapter的封装

【引入】

我们一般编写listView的时候顺序是这样的：

•需要展示的数据集List

•为这个数据集编写一个ListView

•为这个ListView编写一个Adapter，一般继承自BaseAdapter

•在BaseAdapter内部编写一个ViewHolder类，对应ListView里面的item控件，提高控件的查询效率

分析：

List:ListView --> Adapter extends BaseAdapter --> ViewHolder

一般情况下，一个ListView对应一个Adapter类，对应一个ViewHolder类，那如果一个app中有20个ListView，我们岂不是要写20遍？所以的做法是：

•抽取ViewHolder，作为公共的类。

•将Adapter封装成CommonAdapter，作为公共的类。

一、传统方式编写适配器：

(1)activity_main.xml:

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent">

android:id="@+id/listView"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent">

(2)item_listview.xml:单个item的布局文件

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:padding="10dp">

android:id="@+id/titleTv"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:singleLine="true"

android:text="Android新技能"

android:textColor="#444"

android:textSize="16sp" />

android:id="@+id/descTv"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/titleTv"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:maxLines="2"

android:minLines="1"

android:text="Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器"

android:textColor="#898989"

android:textSize="16sp" />

android:id="@+id/timeTv"

android:paddingTop="3dp"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/descTv"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:text="2015-05-04"

android:textColor="#898989"

android:textSize="12sp" />

android:padding="2dp"

android:id="@+id/phoneTv"

android:gravity="center"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/descTv"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:background="#2ED667"

android:drawableLeft="@mipmap/phone"

android:drawablePadding="5dp"

android:text="10086"

android:textColor="#ffffff"

android:textSize="12sp"

android:layout_alignParentRight="true" />

其对应的布局效果如下：

(3)Bean.java:ListView的数据集

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter.entities;

/**

* Created by smyhvae on 2015/5/4.

*/

public class Bean {

private String title;

private String desc;

private String time;

private String phone;

public Bean() {

}

public Bean(String title, String desc, String time, String phone) {

this.title = title;

this.desc = desc;

this.time = time;

this.phone = phone;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

public String getDesc() {

return desc;

}

public void setDesc(String desc) {

this.desc = desc;

}

public String getTime() {

return time;

}

public void setTime(String time) {

this.time = time;

}

public String getPhone() {

return phone;

}

public void setPhone(String phone) {

this.phone = phone;

}

}

(4)MyAdapter.java:自定义适配器，继承自BaseAdapter

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter;

import android.content.Context;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

import android.widget.BaseAdapter;

import android.widget.TextView;

import com.smyhvae.baseadapter.entities.Bean;

import java.util.List;

/**

* Created by smyhvae on 2015/5/4.

*/

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

private LayoutInflater mInflater;

private List mDatas;

//MyAdapter需要一个Context，通过Context获得Layout.inflater，然后通过inflater加载item的布局

public MyAdapter(Context context, List datas) {

mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

mDatas = datas;

}

//返回数据集的长度

@Override

public int getCount() {

return mDatas.size();

}

@Override

public Object getItem(int position) {

return mDatas.get(position);

}

@Override

public long getItemId(int position) {

return position;

}

//这个方法才是重点，我们要为它编写一个ViewHolder

@Override

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

ViewHolder holder = null;

if (convertView == null) {

convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_listview, parent, false); //加载布局

holder = new ViewHolder();

holder.titleTv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.titleTv);

holder.descTv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.descTv);

holder.timeTv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.timeTv);

holder.phoneTv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.phoneTv);

convertView.setTag(holder);

} else { //else里面说明，convertView已经被复用了，说明convertView中已经设置过tag了，即holder

holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();

}

Bean bean = mDatas.get(position);

holder.titleTv.setText(bean.getTitle());

holder.descTv.setText(bean.getDesc());

holder.timeTv.setText(bean.getTime());

holder.phoneTv.setText(bean.getPhone());

return convertView;

}

//这个ViewHolder只能服务于当前这个特定的adapter，因为ViewHolder里会指定item的控件，不同的ListView，item可能不同，所以ViewHolder写成一个私有的类

private class ViewHolder {

TextView titleTv;

TextView descTv;

TextView timeTv;

TextView phoneTv;

}

}

(5)MainActivity.java:

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.MenuItem;

import android.widget.ListView;

import com.smyhvae.baseadapter.entities.Bean;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private ListView listView;

private List mDatas;

private MyAdapter mAdapter;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

initView();

initData();

}

//方法：初始化View

private void initView() {

listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);

}

//方法；初始化Data

private void initData() {

mDatas = new ArrayList();

//将数据装到集合中去

Bean bean = new Bean("Android新技能1", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

bean = new Bean("Android新技能2", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

bean = new Bean("Android新技能3", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

bean = new Bean("Android新技能4", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

//为数据绑定适配器

mAdapter = new MyAdapter(this,mDatas);

listView.setAdapter(mAdapter);

}

}

运行效果如下：

二、ListView中自定义adapter的封装(万能的写法来编写适配器)：

完整版代码如下：

(1)activity_main.xml:

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent">

android:id="@+id/listView"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent">

(2)item_listview.xml.xml:(ListView中单个item的布局)

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:padding="10dp">

android:id="@+id/titleTv"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:singleLine="true"

android:text="Android新技能"

android:textColor="#444"

android:textSize="16sp" />

android:id="@+id/descTv"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/titleTv"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:maxLines="2"

android:minLines="1"

android:text="Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器"

android:textColor="#898989"

android:textSize="16sp" />

android:id="@+id/timeTv"

android:paddingTop="3dp"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/descTv"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:text="2015-05-04"

android:textColor="#898989"

android:textSize="12sp" />

android:padding="2dp"

android:id="@+id/phoneTv"

android:gravity="center"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/descTv"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:background="#2ED667"

android:drawableLeft="@mipmap/phone"

android:drawablePadding="5dp"

android:text="10086"

android:textColor="#ffffff"

android:textSize="12sp"

android:layout_alignParentRight="true" />

其对应的布局效果如下：

(3)Bean.java:数据集

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter.entities;

/**

* Created by smyhvae on 2015/5/4.

*/

public class Bean {

private String title;

private String desc;

private String time;

private String phone;

public Bean() {

}

public Bean(String title, String desc, String time, String phone) {

this.title = title;

this.desc = desc;

this.time = time;

this.phone = phone;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

public String getDesc() {

return desc;

}

public void setDesc(String desc) {

this.desc = desc;

}

public String getTime() {

return time;

}

public void setTime(String time) {

this.time = time;

}

public String getPhone() {

return phone;

}

public void setPhone(String phone) {

this.phone = phone;

}

}

(4)【可复用的代码】ViewHolder.java:

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter.utils;

import android.content.Context;

import android.util.SparseArray;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**

* Created by smyhvae on 2015/5/4.

*/

public class ViewHolder {

private SparseArray mViews;

private int mPosition;

private View mConvertView;

public ViewHolder(Context context, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {

this.mPosition = position;

this.mViews = new SparseArray();

mConvertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutId, parent, false);

mConvertView.setTag(this);

}

public static ViewHolder get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {

if (convertView == null) {

return new ViewHolder(context, parent, layoutId, position);

} else {

ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();

holder.mPosition = position; //即使ViewHolder是复用的，但是position记得更新一下

return holder;

}

}

/*

通过viewId获取控件

*/

//使用的是泛型T,返回的是View的子类

public T getView(int viewId) {

View view = mViews.get(viewId);

if (view == null) {

view = mConvertView.findViewById(viewId);

mViews.put(viewId, view);

}

return (T) view;

}

public View getConvertView() {

return mConvertView;

}

}

(5)【可复用的代码】ListViewAdapter.java:自定义的通用适配器，继承自BaseAdapter。以后如果是自定义ListView的adapter，继承它就行了

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter.utils;

import android.content.Context;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.ViewGroup;

import android.widget.BaseAdapter;

import java.util.List;

/**

* Created by smyhvae on 2015/5/4.

* 通用的ListView的BaseAdapter，所有的ListView的自定义adapter都可以继承这个类哦

*/

public abstract class ListViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

//为了让子类访问，于是将属性设置为protected

protected Context mContext;

protected List mDatas;

protected LayoutInflater mInflater;

private int layoutId; //不同的ListView的item布局肯能不同，所以要把布局单独提取出来

public ListViewAdapter(Context context, List datas, int layoutId) {

this.mContext = context;

mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

this.mDatas = datas;

this.layoutId = layoutId;

}

@Override

public int getCount() {

return mDatas.size();

}

@Override

public T getItem(int position) {

return mDatas.get(position);

}

@Override

public long getItemId(int position) {

return position;

}

@Override

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

//初始化ViewHolder,使用通用的ViewHolder，一行代码就搞定ViewHolder的初始化咯

ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent, layoutId, position);//layoutId就是单个item的布局

convert(holder, getItem(position));

return holder.getConvertView(); //这一行的代码要注意了

}

//将convert方法公布出去

public abstract void convert(ViewHolder holder, T t);

}

(6)ListViewAdapterWithViewHolder.java:继承自ListViewAdapter

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter;

import android.content.Context;

import android.widget.TextView;

import com.smyhvae.baseadapter.entities.Bean;

import com.smyhvae.baseadapter.utils.ListViewAdapter;

import com.smyhvae.baseadapter.utils.ViewHolder;

import java.util.List;

/**

* Created by smyhvae on 2015/5/4.

*/

public class ListViewAdapterWithViewHolder extends ListViewAdapter {

//MyAdapter需要一个Context，通过Context获得Layout.inflater，然后通过inflater加载item的布局

public ListViewAdapterWithViewHolder(Context context, List datas) {

super(context, datas, R.layout.item_listview);

}

@Override

public void convert(ViewHolder holder, Bean bean) {

((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.titleTv)).setText(bean.getTitle());

((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.descTv)).setText(bean.getDesc());

((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.timeTv)).setText(bean.getTime());

((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.phoneTv)).setText(bean.getPhone());

/*

TextView tv = holder.getView(R.id.titleTv);

tv.setText(...);

ImageView view = getView(viewId);

Imageloader.getInstance().loadImag(view.url);

*/

}

}

(7)MainActivity.java:

package com.smyhvae.baseadapter;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.widget.ListView;

import com.smyhvae.baseadapter.entities.Bean;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private ListView listView;

private List mDatas;

private ListViewAdapterWithViewHolder listViewAdapterWithViewHolder;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

initView();

initData();

}

//方法：初始化View

private void initView() {

listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);

}

//方法；初始化Data

private void initData() {

mDatas = new ArrayList();

//将数据装到集合中去

Bean bean = new Bean("Android新技能1", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

bean = new Bean("Android新技能2", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

bean = new Bean("Android新技能3", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

bean = new Bean("Android新技能4", "Android为ListView和GridView打造万能适配器", "2015-05-04", "10086");

mDatas.add(bean);

//为数据绑定适配器

listViewAdapterWithViewHolder = new ListViewAdapterWithViewHolder(this, mDatas);

listView.setAdapter(listViewAdapterWithViewHolder);

}

}

运行效果：

这样的话，以后每写个ListView，就这么做：直接导入ViewHolder.java和ListViewAdapter，然后写一个自定义adapter继承自ListViewAdapter就行了。

三、常见问题：

1、item控件抢占焦点：

假设item里有一个checkbox，那运行程序之后，发现只有checkBox能被点击，而item中的其他位置不能被点击(包括点击整个item也没有反应)，这是由于checkbox抢占了整个item的焦点。办法是:：

办法1：为该checkBox设置属性：android:focusable = "false"

办法2：为该item设置属性：android:descendantFocusability = "blocksDescendants"

不让这个item的焦点从上往下传。

2、ListView复用导致内容错乱。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。