1 表的加法
1)union 自动去重
2)union all 保留重复
2 表的联结
1)内联结 inner join
根据关系(on)内容取交集:同时存在于两个表中的数据。
2)左联结 left join
取左侧数据,右侧选择与左侧一样的数据,通过where语句选择是否包含交集部分。
3)右联结 right join
取右侧数据,左侧选择与右侧一样的数据,通过where语句选择是否包含交集部分。
4)全联结 full join(mySQL不支持)
3 联结应用案例
1)查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
2)查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名、平均成绩
3)查询学生的选课情况:学号、姓名、课程号、课程名称(三表联结)
4 case表达式
1)查询每门课程的及格人数和不及格人数
2)使用分段[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[<60]来统计各科成绩,分别统计各分数段人数:课程ID和课程名称
5 sqlzoo 练习
1) 列出 賽事編號matchid 和球員名 player ,該球員代表德國隊Germany入球的
select matchid,player
from goal
where teamid = 'GER';
2) 顯示賽事1012的 id, stadium, team1, team2
select id,stadium,team1,team2
from game
where id = 1012;
3) 顯示每一個德國入球的球員名,隊伍名,場館和日期
select a.player, a.teamid,b.stadium,b.mdate
from goal as a left join game as b
on a.matchid = b.id
where a.teamid = 'GER';
4) 列出球員名字叫Mario 有入球的 隊伍1 team1, 隊伍2 team2 和 球員名 player
select a.team1,a.team2,b.player
from game as a inner join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
where b.player like 'Mario%';
5) 列出每場球賽中首10分鐘gtime<=10有入球的球員player, 隊伍teamid, 教練coach, 入球時間gtime
分析思路:每场球赛,首十分钟入球:goal表,条件:gtime<10 ;
入球的球员:goal表,player
入球队伍ID:goal表,teamid
教练:eteam表,coach
表联结:goal表、eteam表,通过teamID和ID,内联结
select b.player,b.teamid,c.coach,b.gtime
from goal as b inner join eteam as c
on b.teamid = c.id
where b.gtime <= 10;
6) 列出'Fernando Santos'作為隊伍1 team1 的教練的賽事日期,和隊伍名。
分析思路:'Fernando Santos'教练:eteam表,条件:coach='Fernando Santos';
参赛日期:game表,mdate;
队伍名:eteam表,teamname;
表联结:game表、eteam表,通过team1与ID,实现内联结
select a.mdate,c.teamname
from game as a inner join eteam as c
on a.team1 = c.id
where c.coach = 'Fernando Santos';
7) 列出場館 'National Stadium, Warsaw'的入球球員。场馆:game表,条件:stadium='National Stadium, Warsaw';
入球球员:goal表,player;
表联结:game、goal,通过id、matchid,实现内联结
select b.player
from game as a inner join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
where a.stadium = 'National Stadium, Warsaw';
8) 列出全部賽事,射入德國龍門的球員名字。球员名字:goal表,player;
表联结:game、goal,通过id、matchid,实现内联结;
射入德国龙门:条件:1)goal中teamid不等于'GER';2)对应game中 team1 or team2 有'GER';
distinct去掉重复球员
select distinct b.player
from game as a inner join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
where b.teamid <> 'GER'
and (a.team1='GER' or a.team2='GER');
9) 列出隊伍名稱teamname和該隊入球總數队伍名称:eteam表,teamname
入球总数:goal表,count(gtime)
每个队伍:分组,goal表的teamid
表联结:goal、eteam,通过teamid、id,实现内联结
select c.teamname,count(b.gtime)
from goal as b inner join eteam as c
on b.teamid = c.id
group by c.teamname;
10) 列出場館名和在該場館的入球數字。场馆名:game表,stadium
入球数字:goal表,count(入球时间)
每个场馆入球数字:分组:game表stadium
表联结:game、goal表,通过id、matchid,实现左联结(所有场馆)
select a.stadium,count(gtime)
from game as a left join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
group by a.stadium;
11) 每一場波蘭'POL'有參與的賽事中,列出賽事編號 matchid, 日期date 和入球數字每一场'POL'参与的赛事:game表,team1='POL' 或 team2='POL'
赛事编号:goal表,matchid
日期:game表,mdate
每场赛事入球数字:根据matchid、mdate分组,计算入球总数count(gtime)
表联结:game、goal,通过id、matchid,实现内联结
select a.id,a.mdate,count(b.gtime)
from game as a inner join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
where a.team1='POL' or a.team2='POL'
group by a.id, a.mdate;
12) 每一場德國'GER'有參與的賽事中,列出賽事編號 matchid, 日期date 和德國的入球數字赛事编号:goal表,matchid
日期:game表,mdate
德国入球数字:条件筛选德国队伍,teamid = 'GER';根据matchid分组,计算入球总数count(gtime)
表联结:game、goal,通过id、matchid,实现内联结
select a.id, a.mdate, count(gtime)
from game as a inner join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
where b.teamid = 'GER'
group by a.id, a.mdate;
13) 列出每一场比赛以及每支球队的进球数,结果按照mdate, matchid, team1 and team2排序每一场比赛每支球队的进球数:每场比赛有两支球队,team1、team2,分别汇总team1、team2 进球数;
- 构想联结后的表格,根据赛事分组后,当team1=teamid时,表示team1在该场赛事进球1次,使用case语句计数求和,得到该场比赛team1的进球总和:
sum(case when team1=goal.matchid then 1 else 0 end) as 'score1'
sum(case when team2=goal.matchid then 1 else 0 end) as 'score2'
- 每一场比赛:按赛事id、mdate、team1、team2分组
表联结:game、goal,通过id、matchid,实现左联结(所有赛事)
排序:order by mdate, matchid, team1 and team2
select a.mdate,a.team1,
sum(case when a.team1=b.teamid then 1 else 0 end) as 'score1',
team2,
sum(case when a.team2=b.teamid then 1 else 0 end) as 'score2'
from game as a left join goal as b
on a.id = b.matchid
group by a.id,a.mdate,a.team1,a.team2
order by a.mdate,a.id,a.team1,a.team2;